Motorized window treatment

ABSTRACT

A motorized window treatment provides a low-cost solution for controlling the amount of daylight entering a space through a window. The window treatment includes a covering material, a drive shaft, at least one lift cord rotatably received around the drive shaft and connected to the covering material, and a motor coupled to the drive shaft for raising and lowering the covering material. The window treatment also includes a spring assist unit for assisting the motor by providing a torque that equals the torque provided by the weight on the cords that lift the covering material at a position midway between fully-open and fully-closed positions, which helps to minimize motor usage and conserve battery life if a battery is used to power the motorized window treatment. The window treatment may comprise a photosensor for measuring the amount of daylight outside the window and temperature sensors for measuring the temperatures inside and outside of the window. The position of the covering material may be automatically controlled in response to the photosensor and the temperature sensors to save energy, or may also be controlled in response to an infrared or radio-frequency remote control.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a divisional of commonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser.No. 13/415,084, filed Mar. 8, 2012, entitled MOTORIZED WINDOW TREATMENT,which is a non-provisional application of commonly-assigned U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/451,960, filed Mar. 11, 2011; U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/530,799, filed Sep. 2, 2011; and U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/547,319, filed Oct. 11, 2011, allentitled MOTORIZED WINDOW TREATMENT, the entire disclosures of which arehereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a motorized window treatment, and morespecifically, to a low-cost, quiet, battery-powered motorized windowtreatment that is characterized by an ultra-low power consumption thatmakes battery power more convenient for a user and results in long andpractical battery lifetimes. In addition, the present invention relatesto a battery-powered motorized window treatment that is controlled inresponse to wireless input signals and may be installed withoutrequiring any additional wiring.

2. Description of the Related Art

Motorized window treatments typically include a flexible fabric or othermeans for covering a window in order to block or limit the daylightentering a space and to provide privacy. The motorized window treatmentsmay comprise roller shades, cellular shades, Roman shades, Venentianblinds, and draperies. The motorized window treatments include a motordrive for movement of the fabric in front of the window to control theamount of the window that is covered by the fabric. For example, amotorized roller shade includes a flexible shade fabric wound onto anelongated roller tube with an electronic drive unit installed in theroller tube. The electronic drive unit includes a motor, such as adirect-current (DC) motor, which is operable to rotate the roller tubeupon being energized by a DC voltage.

Prior art electronic drive units are typically powered directly from anAC mains line voltage (e.g., 120 VAC) or from a low-voltage DC voltage(e.g., approximately 24 VDC) provided by an external transformer.Unfortunately, this requires that electrical wires to be run from thepower source to the electronic drive unit. Running additional AC mainline voltage wiring to the electronic drive unit can be very expensive,due to the cost of the additional electrical wiring as well as the costof installation. Typically, installing new AC main line voltage wiringrequires a licensed electrician to perform the work. In addition, if thepre-existing wiring runs behind a fixed ceiling or wall (e.g., onecomprising plaster or expensive hardwood), the electrician may need tobreach the ceiling or wall to install the new electrical wiring, whichwill thus require subsequent repair. In some installations where lowvoltage (e.g., from a low-voltage DC transformer) is used to the powerthe electronic drive unit, the electrical wires have been mounted on anexternal surface of a wall or ceiling between the electronic drive unitand the transformer, which is plugged into an electrical receptacle.However, this sort of installation requires the permanent use of one ofthe outlets of the electrical receptacle and is aesthetically unpleasingdue to the external electrical wires.

Therefore, some prior art motorized window treatments have been batterypowered, such that the motorized window treatments may be installedwithout requiring any additional wiring. Examples of prior artbattery-powered motorized window treatments are described in greaterdetail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,883,480, issued Mar. 16, 1999, entitled WINDOWCOVERING WITH HEAD RAIL-MOUNTED ACTUATOR; U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,646,issued Nov. 23, 2009, entitled REMOTELY-CONTROLLED BATTERYPOWERED-WINDOW COVERING HAVING POWER SAVING RECEIVER; and U.S. Pat. No.7,389,806, issued Jun. 24, 2008, entitled MOTORIZED WINDOW SHADE SYSTEM.

However, the typical prior art battery-powered motorized windowtreatments have suffered from poor battery life (such as, one year orless), and have required batteries that are difficult and expensive toreplace. Thus, there is a need for a low-cost battery-powered motorizedwindow treatment that has longer battery life and makes battery powerpractical and convenient for the end user.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a low-cost, quiet, battery-poweredmotorized window treatment for controlling the position of a coveringmaterial that is adapted to hang in front of an opening, such as awindow. The motorized window treatment comprises a motor for rotating adrive shaft to thus raise and lower the covering material. The motorizedwindow treatment is powered by batteries that are not expensive toreplace and have a much longer (and more practical) lifetime than thetypical prior art battery-powered motorized window treatment (e.g.,approximately three years). The batteries are located inside a headrailof the motorized window treatment and thus out of view of a user of themotorized window treatment. The headrail may be adjusted to a serviceposition to provide access to the batteries to allow for easyreplacement of the batteries without unmounting the headrail. Inaddition, the motorized window treatment makes battery power moreconvenient for the user by controlling the motor at a reduced speed whenthe battery voltage is low to harvest the remaining battery power and tosignal to the user that the batteries need to be replaced and bypreventing movement of the covering material when the battery voltage istoo low to thus reserve enough energy to move the covering material tothe fully-raised position one last time.

The motorized window treatment may be operable to receive input signalsfrom input devices to allow for both local and central control of theposition of the covering material. For example, the motorized windowtreatment may be operable to receive infrared (IR) signals from an IRremote control or radio-frequency (RF) signals from one or more RFtransmitters. The input devices of the load control system may comprise,for example, battery-powered remote controls, occupancy sensors, vacancysensors, daylight sensors, temperature sensors, humidity sensors,security sensors, proximity sensors, keypads, key fobs, cell phones,smart phones, tablets, personal digital assistants, personal computers,timeclocks, audio-visual controls, safety devices, central controltransmitters, or any combination of these input devices.

Since the motorized window treatment is battery-powered and is operableto be controlled in response to wireless input signals transmitted by aninput device, the motorized window treatment may be installed withoutrequiring any additional wiring. In addition, the motorized windowtreatment is easily programmed to operate in response to the wirelesssignals transmitted by the input device, and may be configured toautomatically adjust the position of the covering material in responseto, for example, a photosensor and one or more temperature sensors, inorder to provide for energy savings of other loads in the building inwhich the motorized window treatment is installed. In addition, theupper and lower limits of the motorized window treatment may be easilyprogrammed using the input device. The battery-powered motorized windowtreatment may also be integrated as part of a larger load controlsystem, such as, an RF load control system, and may be operable totransmit digital messages including, for example, data regarding thebattery voltage of the batteries, or the temperatures measured by thetemperature sensors.

The motorized window treatment uses various power-saving methods tolengthen the lifetime of the batteries. For example, the motorizedwindow treatment comprises a constant-force spring operatively coupledto a drive shaft and a motor of the motorized window treatment forreducing the amount of power consumed as the covering material is raisedand lowered. If the motorized window treatment includes an RF receiverfor receiving RF signals, the motorized window treatment is operable touse an RF sub-sampling technique to put the RF receiver to sleep forlonger periods of time than typical prior art RF receivers to thusconserve battery power. If the motorized window treatment is included ina large load control system, the motorized window treatment may beresponsive to RF signals transmitted at a different frequency than thefrequency to which the other control devices of the load control systemare responsive to limit the amount of time that the RF receiver wakes upto process incoming RF signals and thus conserve battery power. Finally,when the battery voltage is low (i.e., near the end of the lifetime ofthe batteries), the motorized window treatment is operable to reduce thespeed at which the motor rotates to thus conserve additional batterypower and thus extend the lifetime of the batteries.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a motorized windowtreatment comprises: (1) a headrail having opposite ends; (2) a coveringmaterial that has a top end connected to the headrail and extends fromthe headrail to a second end; (3) a motor drive unit including a motorand located in the center of the headrail; (4) two drive shaftsextending from both sides of the motor drive unit and rotatably coupledto the motor drive unit, such that rotations of the motor result inrotations of the drive shafts; (5) two lift cords, each lift cordrotatably received around a respective one of the drive shafts andextending vertically to the bottom end of the covering material, suchthat bottom end of the covering material is adjusted between afully-closed position and a fully-open position in response to rotationsof the drive shaft; and (6) at least two batteries for powering themotor drive unit, wherein at least one of the two batteries is locatedon each side of the motor drive unit adjacent each of the opposite sidesof the headrail.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a motorizedwindow treatment comprises a motor drive unit that operates in alow-battery mode when the magnitude of a battery voltage of abattery-powered supply for powering the motor drive unit is low. Themotorized window treatment may comprise a covering material, a driveshaft, and at least one lift cord rotatably received around the driveshaft and extending to a bottom of the covering material for raising andlowering the covering material between a fully-open and fully-closedposition and to any position intermediate the fully-open andfully-closed positions. The motor drive unit comprises a motor adaptedto be coupled to the drive shaft, such that the motor drive unit isoperable to raise and lower the covering material by rotating the driveshaft, and a controller for controlling the motor to raise and lower thecovering material. The controller is operable to monitor the magnitudeof the battery voltage of the battery-powered supply and operate in thelow-battery mode when the magnitude of the battery voltage drops below afirst predetermined low-battery threshold.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the motor driveunit is operable to monitor the state of charge of the battery and whenthe state of charge is reduced below a first predetermined threshold tooperate the motor at a reduced motor speed. According to anotherembodiment of the present invention, the motor drive unit is operable todetermine when the magnitude of the voltage is getting low and toreserve enough energy in the battery to allow for at least oneadditional movement of the covering material to the fully-open position.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the motordrive unit comprises a power supply for receiving the battery voltageand generating a DC supply voltage having a first nominal magnitude forpowering the controller. The controller is operable to control themagnitude of the DC supply voltage to a second increased magnitudegreater than the first magnitude when the controller is controlling themotor to rotate the drive shaft.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the motordrive unit includes a sensor arrangement coupled to the drive shaft forsensing movement of the drive shaft and used for determining theposition of the bottom of the covering material. The motor drive unitalso has a control unit coupled to the sensor arrangement fordetermining from at least one sensor signal from the sensor arrangementthe position of the bottom of the covering material between thefully-open and fully-closed positions. The control unit for the motordrive unit is arranged to prevent the motor drive unit from operating tolower the covering material until an upper limit for the coveringmaterial is reset after a loss of power. According to yet anotherembodiment of the present invention, the motor drive unit furthercomprises a memory in the control unit for storing data related to thedetermined position, and the motorized window treatment comprises asupplemental power source for the control unit, whereby thebattery-powered supply can be removed without loss of the position data.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the coveringmaterial may be engaged by a user to manually position the coveringmaterial at any position between the fully-open and fully-closedpositions and the sensor arrangement provides said at least one sensorsignal to the control unit so that the control unit can determine theposition of the covering material when the covering material is manuallyadjusted.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the controlunit further comprises a microprocessor having a sleep mode during whichthe microprocessor uses reduced electrical power to conserve batterypower. The motor produces an electromotive force when the windowtreatment is moved manually, such that the electromotive force iscoupled to an input of the control unit to cause the microprocessor tochange from the sleep mode to an active mode, whereby the control unitreceives and processes the sensor signal to determine the position ofthe covering material when the covering material is manually adjusted.

In addition, a motorized window treatment system comprising a motorizedwindow treatment and a wireless remote control is also described herein.The motorized window treatment has a motor drive unit including awireless receiver for receiving wireless signals including commands foradjusting a covering material between a fully-open position and afully-closed position. The wireless remote control transmitsManchester-encoded digital messages to the wireless receiver of themotor drive unit via the wireless signals. The Manchester-encodeddigital messages have a plurality of consecutive bit times, where thelogic low and high bits of the digital message being encoded in thetransitions of the digital message during each bit time. The motor driveunit operates the wireless receiver in a sleep mode by disabling thewireless receiver and periodically enabling the wireless receiver for asample time to determine if the wireless remote control is presentlytransmitting wireless signals. The motor drive unit enables the wirelessreceiver in order to receive a digital message transmitted by the remotecontrol in response to detecting a transition during the sample time.The length of the sample time is approximately equal to the length ofeach bit time of the Manchester-encoded digital messages.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a wirelessdigital signal receiver is designed to conserve battery power. Thewireless digital signal receiver comprises a receiver circuit fordetecting edge-encoded digital data signals that include bits (with eachbit having a bit width) and a control circuit for turning on thereceiver circuit for an on-time during which on-time the receivercircuit senses whether a digital data signal is present and turns offthe receiver circuit for an off-time if a digital data signal is notpresent. The on-time is greater than the bit width of the digital datasignals and the longest off-time between digital data signals so that itis ensured that if a digital data signal is present it will be detected.The digital data signals are transmitted by a transmitter circuit in apacket, the packet being repeated a plurality of times for a single datatransmission.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a motorized windowtreatment comprises: (1) a covering material; (2) a drive shaft; (3) atleast one lift cord rotatably received around the drive shaft andextending to a bottom end of the covering material, such that the liftcord provides a torque on the drive shaft; (4) a motor drive unit havinga motor coupled to the drive shaft, such that the motor drive unit isoperable to raise and lower the covering material by rotating the driveshaft; and (5) a constant-force spring assist assembly coupled to thedrive shaft for providing a constant torque on the drive shaft in adirection opposite a direction of the torque provided on the drive shaftby the lift cord.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a motorizedwindow treatment comprises a covering material for a window, a driveshaft, at least one cord, a motor drive unit, and a spring assist unitcoupled to the drive shaft. The covering material is moveable between afully-closed and a fully-open position. The cord is rotatably woundaround the drive shaft for raising and lowering the covering materialwhen the drive shaft is rotated in first and second directions. The cordprovides a torque on the drive shaft due to the weight of the coveringmaterial. The motor drive unit includes a motor for driving the driveshaft and a controller for controlling the direction of rotation of themotor and the speed of the motor. The spring assist unit provides atorque on the drive shaft opposite a torque provided by the at least onecord to raise the covering material to a position approximately midwaybetween the fully-closed and fully-open position without substantialenergy being provided by said motor. The spring assist unit assists themotor to raise the covering material above the midway position to thefully-open position, and acts to provide a torque on the drive shaftresisting downward motion of the covering material when the coveringmaterial is lowered from the fully-open position to the fully-closedposition. The motor provides a torque on the drive shaft to wind up thespring assist unit when the covering material is lowered from the midwayposition to the fully-closed position.

According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, Amotorized window treatment comprises: (1) a covering material; (2) adrive shaft; (3) at least one lift cord rotatably received around thedrive shaft and extending to a bottom end of the covering material, suchthat the lift cord provides a torque on the drive shaft; (4) a motordrive unit having a motor coupled to the drive shaft, such that themotor drive unit is operable to raise and lower the covering material byrotating the drive shaft; (5) a first battery-powered supply forpowering the motor drive unit; (6) a spring assist assembly coupled tothe drive shaft for providing a torque on the drive shaft in a directionopposite a direction of the torque provided on the drive shaft by thelift cord; (7) a control unit for controlling the motor drive unit, thecontrol unit having a memory for retaining position data related to theposition of the covering material between the fully-open and fullyclosed positions; and (8) a second battery-powered supply for providingelectrical power to the control unit independent of said first batterypowered supply for said motor drive unit.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will becomeapparent from the following description of the invention that refers tothe accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be described in greater detail in the followingdetailed description with reference to the drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a motorized window treatment systemhaving a battery-powered motorized window treatment and a remote controlaccording to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the battery-powered motorized windowtreatment of FIG. 1 in a full-opened position;

FIG. 2B is a right side view of the battery-powered motorized windowtreatment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a front view of the battery-powered motorized window treatmentof FIG. 1;

FIG. 4A is an exploded view of a motor drive unit of the battery-poweredmotorized window treatment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4B is an enlarged perspective view of a motor and a gear assemblyof the motor drive unit of FIG. 4A showing a belt drive of the motor ingreater detail;

FIG. 4C is a left side view of a belt drive of the gear assembly of FIG.4B;

FIG. 4D is a front cross-sectional view of the belt drive of the gearassembly of FIG. 4B;

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of the motorized window treatment of FIG.1 as the motorized window treatment is being moved to a service positionaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5B is a right side view of the motorized window treatment of FIG. 1as the motorized window treatment is being moved to the service positionaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6A is a perspective view of the motorized window treatment of FIG.1 when the motorized window treatment is in the service positionaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6B is a right side view of the motorized window treatment of FIG. 1when the motorized window treatment is in the service position accordingto the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged perspective view of one end of the motorizedwindow treatment of FIG. 1 showing how a screw is received in a channelof an endcap of the motorized window treatment;

FIGS. 8A and 8B show example plots of the total torque on a drive shaftof the battery-powered motorized window treatment of FIG. 1 with respectto the number of rotations between a fully-closed position and afully-open position;

FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of a motor drive unit of thebattery-powered motorized window treatment of FIG. 1;

FIG. 10 is a simplified partial schematic diagram of an H-bridge motordrive circuit and a motor of the motor drive unit of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a diagram of a first output signal and a second output signalof a transmissive optical sensor circuit of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 is a simplified flowchart of a transmissive optical sensor edgeprocedure executed periodically by the controller of the motor driveunit of FIG. 9;

FIGS. 13A and 13B show examples of a Manchester-encoded digital messagetransmitted by the remote control of FIG. 1, and an infrared enablecontrol signal of the motor drive unit of FIG. 9;

FIG. 14 is a simplified flowchart of an infrared (IR) signal receivingprocedure executed periodically by a controller of the motor drive unitof FIG. 9;

FIG. 15 is a simplified flowchart of a command procedure executedperiodically by the controller of the motor drive unit of FIG. 9;

FIG. 16 is a simplified flowchart of a motor control procedure executedperiodically by the controller of the motor drive unit of FIG. 9;

FIG. 17 is a simplified flowchart of a motor control procedure executedperiodically by the controller of the motor drive unit;

FIG. 18A is a simplified flowchart of an eco-mode procedure executedperiodically by the controller of the motor drive unit of FIG. 9;

FIG. 18B is a simplified flowchart of an alternative eco-mode procedureexecuted periodically by the controller of the motor drive unit of FIG.9;

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a motorized window treatment systemhaving a battery-powered motorized window treatment that is operable toreceive RF signals from an RF remote control according to a secondembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 20 is a simplified block diagram of a motor drive unit of thebattery-powered motorized window treatment of FIG. 19;

FIGS. 21A and 21B are partial perspective views of the motor drive unitand a headrail of the motorized window treatment of FIG. 19;

FIG. 22A is simplified frequency response of an RF filter of thebattery-powered motorized window treatment of FIG. 19;

FIG. 22B is a simplified timing diagram of an RF data transmission eventand a sampling event of the battery-powered motorized window treatmentof FIG. 19;

FIG. 23 is a simplified flowchart of an RF signal receiving procedureexecuted by a controller of the motor drive unit of the battery-poweredmotorized window treatment of FIG. 19;

FIG. 24 is a simplified diagram of a radio-frequency load control systemincluding multiple motorized window treatments according to a thirdembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 25 is a simplified flowchart of an RF sampling rate selectionprocedure executed by a controller of one of the battery-poweredmotorized window treatments of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is a simplified graph illustrating various signal strengththresholds of one of the battery-powered motorized window treatments ofFIG. 24;

FIG. 27 is a simplified flowchart of an RF monitoring procedureperformed by a signal repeater of the load control system of FIG. 24;

FIG. 28 is a simplified flowchart of an RF signal receiving procedureperformed by a signal repeater of the load control system of FIG. 24;

FIG. 29 is a simplified diagram of a RF load control system having twosignal repeaters coupled together via a digital communication linkaccording to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a perspective view of a motorized window treatment as themotorized window treatment is being moved to a service positionaccording to an alternate embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of the motorized window treatment of FIG.30 when the motorized window treatment is in the service positionaccording to the alternate embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 32A is a perspective view of a motorized window treatment havingmounting brackets for rotating the motorized window treatment into aservice position according to a third embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 32B is a right side view of the motorized window treatment of FIG.32A;

FIG. 33A is a perspective view of the motorized window treatment of FIG.32A in the service position according to the third embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 33B is a right side view of the motorized window treatment of FIG.33A in the service position according to the third embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 34A is an enlarged perspective view of one of the mounting bracketsof the motorized window treatment of FIG. 32A in a locked position;

FIG. 34B is an enlarged perspective view of the mounting bracket of FIG.34A in the service position;

FIG. 35A is a top view of one of the mounting brackets of FIG. 34A inthe locked position showing a latch mechanism in greater detail; and

FIG. 35B is a top view of the mounting bracket of FIG. 34A as a releasebutton is being actuated to release mounting bracket from the lockedposition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description ofthe preferred embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunctionwith the appended drawings. For the purposes of illustrating theinvention, there is shown in the drawings an embodiment that ispresently preferred, in which like numerals represent similar partsthroughout the several views of the drawings, it being understood,however, that the invention is not limited to the specific methods andinstrumentalities disclosed.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a motorized window treatment system 100having a battery-powered motorized window treatment 110 mounted in anopening 102, for example, in front of a window 104, according to a firstembodiment of the present invention. The battery-powered motorizedwindow treatment 110 comprises a covering material, for example, acellular shade fabric 112 as shown in FIG. 1. The cellular shade fabric112 has a top end connected to a headrail 114 and a bottom end connectedto a weighting element 116. The headrail 114 extends between oppositeends that are connected to mounting plates 115. The mounting plates 115may be mounted to the sides of the opening 102 as shown in FIG. 1, suchthat the cellular shade fabric 112 is able to hang in front of thewindow 104, and may be adjusted between a fully-open positionP_(FULLY-OPEN) and a fully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED) to controlthe amount of daylight entering a room or space. Alternatively, themounting plates 115 of the battery-powered motorized window treatment110 could be mounted externally to the opening 102 (e.g., above theopening) with the shade fabric 112 hanging in front of the opening andthe window 104. In addition, the battery-powered motorized windowtreatment 110 could alternatively comprise other types of coveringmaterials, such as, for example, a plurality of horizontally-extendingslats (i.e., a Venetian or Persian blind system), pleated blinds, aroller shade fabric, or a Roman shade fabric. According to the firstembodiment of the present invention, the motorized window treatmentsystem 100 comprises an infrared (IR) remote control 118 for controllingthe operation of the motorized window treatment 110.

FIG. 2A is a perspective view and FIG. 2B is a right side view of thebattery-powered motorized window treatment 110 with the cellular shadefabric 112 in the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN). The motorizedwindow treatment 110 comprises a motor drive unit 120 for raising andlowering the weighting element 116 and the cellular shade fabric 112between the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) and the fully-closedposition P_(FULLY-CLOSED). By controlling the amount of the window 104covered by the cellular shade fabric 112, the motorized window treatment110 is able to control the amount of daylight entering the room. Theheadrail 114 of the motorized window treatment 110 comprises an internalside 122 and an opposite external side 124, which faces the window 104that the shade fabric 112 is covering. The motor drive unit 120comprises an actuator 126, which is positioned adjacent the internalside 122 of the headrail 114 may may be actuated when a user isconfiguring the motorized window treatment 110. The actuator 126 may bemade of, for example, a clear material, such that the actuator mayoperate as a light pipe to conduct illumination from inside the motordrive unit 120 to thus be provide feedback to the user of the motorizedwindow treatment 110. In addition, the actuator 126 may also function asan IR-receiving lens for directing IR signals transmitted by the IRremote control 118 to an IR receiver 166 (FIG. 9) inside the motor driveunit 120. The motor drive unit 120 is operable to determine a targetposition P_(TARGET) for the weighting element 116 in response tocommands included in the IR signals received from the remote control 118and to subsequently control a present position P_(PRES) of the weightingelement to the target position P_(TARGET). As shown in FIG. 2A, a topside 128 of the headrail 114 is open, such that the motor drive unit 120may be positioned inside the headrail and the actuator 126 may protrudeslightly over the internal side 122 of the headrail.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the battery-powered motorized window treatment110 with a front portion of the headrail 114 removed to show the motordrive unit 120, which is located in the center of the headrail. Themotorized window treatment 110 comprises lift cords 130 that extend fromthe headrail 114 to the weighting element 116 for allowing the motordrive unit 120 to raise and lower the weighting element. The motor driveunit 120 includes an internal motor 150 (FIG. 4A) coupled to driveshafts 132 that extend from the motor on each side of the motor and areeach coupled to a respective lift cord spool 134. The lift cords 130 arewindingly received around the lift cord spools 134 and are fixedlyattached to the weighting element 116, such that the motor drive unit120 is operable to rotate the drive shafts 132 to raise and lower theweighting element. The motorized window treatment 110 further comprisestwo constant-force spring assist assemblies 135, which are each coupledto the drive shafts 132 adjacent to one of the two lift cord spools 134.Each of the lift cord spools 134 and the adjacent constant-force springassist assembly 135 are housed in a respective lift cord spool enclosure136 as shown in FIG. 3. Alternatively, the motorized window treatment110 could comprise a single drive shaft that extends along the length ofthe headrail and is coupled to both of the lift cord spools 134 and themotor drive unit 120 could be located in the center of the headrail 114in the space between the drive shaft and either the internal side 122 orthe external side 124 of the headrail. Further, the motorized windowtreatment 110 could comprise a single drive and the motor drive unit 120could alternatively be located at either end of the headrail 114.

FIG. 4A is an exploded view of the motor drive unit 120. The motor driveunit 120 comprises two enclosure portions 180, 182 for housing the motor150 and a gear assembly 185. The two enclosure portions 180, 182 areconnected and held together by a plurality of screws 184. The gearassembly 190 is held together by two end portions 186, 188 and comprisesa belt drive, and specifically, a belt 190 coupled between a firstpulley 191 that is coupled to the output shaft of the motor 150 and asecond pulley 192 that is coupled to the gears of the gear assembly. Themotor drive unit 120 comprises output gears 194 that are located on bothsides of the motor drive unit and are coupled to the drive shafts 132.The gear assembly 185 is coupled to the output gears 194 via a couplingmember 195, such that the rotations of the output shaft of the motor 150result in rotations of the drifts shafts 132.

FIG. 4B is an enlarged perspective view of the motor 150 and the gearassembly 185 showing the belt drive in greater detail. For example, thebelt 190 may comprise a flexible toothed belt having teeth 196 (FIG. 4D)that engage teeth 198 (FIG. 4D) of the first and second pulleys 191,192. For example, the outside diameter of the first and second pulleys191, 192 may be approximately 0.235 inch and 0.591 inch, respectively,resulting in a gear ratio of approximately 2:5. Since the second pulley192 is coupled to the first pulley 191 via the flexible belt 190, noisesgenerated by the rotations of the motor 150 are not coupled from thefirst pulley 191 to the second pulley 192. Accordingly, the total noisegenerated by the gear assembly 185 is reduced.

The gear assembly 185 further comprises a first roller 199A (FIG. 4A)and a second roller 199B (FIG. 4B) that are rotatably coupled to the endportion 186 that is located adjacent the motor 150. FIG. 4C is a leftside view of the belt 190, the first and second pulleys 191, 192, andone of the rollers 199A. FIG. 4D is a front cross-sectional view of thebelt 190, the first and second pulleys 191, 192, and the rollers 199A,199B taken through the center of the belt 190 as shown in FIG. 4C. Thebelt 190 contacts the rollers 199A, 199B, which operate to hold the beltagainst the first and second pulleys 191, 192 and to ensure that thebelt and the first pulley have an appropriate angular contact lengthθ_(C) (e.g., approximately 136°) as shown in FIG. 4D. For example, ifthe rollers 199A, 199B are not provided in the motor drive unit 120, thebelt 190 may have an angular contact length θ_(C) with the first pulley192 of approximately 30°. With the rollers 199A, 199B installed in thegear assembly 185, the belt 190 can have a larger diameter than if therollers were not provided and still achieve the appropriate angularcontact length θ_(C) between the belt and the first pulley 191. It wasdiscovered that loosening the belt 190 and providing the rollers 199A,199B led to a decreased current consumption in the motor 150 as comparedto when the rollers were not provided, the belt was tighter, and thesame angular contact length θ_(C) between the belt 190 and the firstpulley 191 was achieved (i.e., approximately 136°). In addition, thediameters of the rollers 199A, 199B can be adjusted to change theangular contact length θ_(C).

The battery-powered motorized window treatment 110 also comprises aplurality of batteries 138 (e.g., four D-cell batteries), which areelectrically coupled in series. The series-combination of the batteries138 is coupled to the motor drive unit 120 for powering the motor driveunit. The batteries 138 are housed inside the headrail 114 and thus outof view of a user of the motorized window treatment 110. Specifically,the batteries 138 are mounted in two battery holders 139 located insidethe headrail 114, such that there are two batteries in each batteryholder as shown in FIG. 2A. Since the motor drive unit 120 is located inthe center of the headrail 114 and the drive shafts 132 extend out ofboth sides of the motor drive unit to the lift cord spools 134, there isplenty of the room for the batteries 138 to be located adjacent theopposite sides of the headrail as shown in FIG. 3. According to theembodiments of the present invention, the batteries 138 provide themotorized window treatment 110 with a practical lifetime (e.g.,approximately three years), and are typical “off-the-shelf” batteriesthat are easy and not expensive to replace. Alternatively, the motordrive unit 120 could comprise more batteries (e.g., six or eight)coupled in series or batteries of a different kind (e.g., AA batteries)coupled in series.

To provide for easy access to the batteries 138 to allow the user tochange the batteries when needed, the motorized window treatment 110 isoperable to be adjusted to a service position. FIG. 5A is a perspectiveview and FIG. 5B is a right side view of the motorized window treatment110 as the motorized window treatment is being moved to the serviceposition according to the first embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 6A is a perspective view and FIG. 6B is a right side view of themotorized window treatment 110 when the motorized window treatment is inthe service position according to the first embodiment of the presentinvention. The motorized window treatment 110 comprises two endcaps 140located at each side of the headrail 114. The endcaps 140 each comprisea channel 142, which receives a screw 144 that extends through anopening 145 (FIG. 7) in the adjacent mounting bracket 115. FIG. 7 is anenlarged perspective view of one end of the motorized window treatment110 showing how the screw 144 is received in the channel 142 of theendcap 140. When the motorized window treatment 110 is in a normalposition (as shown in FIG. 3), each screw 144 rests in an end 146 of therespective channel 142, such that the headrail 114 is held in positionbetween the mounting brackets 115 and the shade fabric 112 hangsvertically below the headrail.

When the batteries 138 need to be accessed, the headrail 114 may belifted up by a user, such that the screws 144 are no longer positionedin the respective ends 146 and may travel through the channels 142 asshown in FIG. 5B. Each screw 142 may then come to rest in an elbow 148of the respective channel 142 as shown in FIG. 6B, such that themotorized window treatment 110 is in the service position. When in theservice position, the headrail 114 is operable to pivot about the screws144 in the respective elbows 148 to allow the user to access thebatteries 138 from the top of the headrail. To remove the headrail 114from the mounting brackets 115, the user may lift the headrail 114 tomove the screws 144 through the respective channels 142 and out ofrespective channel openings 149.

Accordingly, the headrail 114 is adapted to moved down and away from thewindow 104 and into the service position, so that the headrail may thenbe tilted to allow the user to access the batteries 138. Since theheadrail 114 is moved horizontally away from the window 104 when in theservice position, there is room between the headrail and the window inwhich the shade fabric 112 may be located when the top of the headrail114 is rotated towards the user.

According to the first embodiment of the present invention, the springassist assemblies 135 are coupled to the drive shafts 132 with one ofthe spring assist assemblies housed in each of the lift cord spoolenclosures 136 as shown in FIG. 3. Each spring assist assembly 135includes a constant-force spring (not shown) having a first end attachedto the respective lift cord spool enclosure 136 (which is fixedlyattached to the head rail 114) and a second end attached to therespective drive shaft 132. The spring assist assemblies 135 operate toprovide a constant torque (e.g., approximately 0.44 Newtons) on thedrive shafts 132 in the direction opposite the direction of the torqueprovided on the drive shafts by the lift cords 130. For example, theconstant amount of torque provided by the spring assist assemblies 135may be approximately equal to the torque provided on the drive shafts132 by the lift cords 130 when the weighting element 116 is positionedhalf-way between the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) and thefully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED) (i.e., due to the weight of theweighting element 116 and half of the cellular shade fabric 112). Whenwider cellular shade fabrics are used, additional lift cord spoolenclosures 136 (each having a lift cord spool 134 and a spring assistassembly 135) can be coupled to the drive shafts 132 along the length ofthe headrail 114.

FIG. 8A is an example plot of the total torque on the drive shafts 132with respect to the number of rotations between the fully-closedposition P_(FULLY-CLOSED) and the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN)while the motor drive unit 120 is raising the weighting element 116 fromthe fully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED) to the fully-open positionP_(FULLY-OPEN). FIG. 8B is an example plot of the total torque on thedrive shafts 132 with respect to the number of rotations between thefully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED) and the fully-open positionP_(FULLY-OPEN) while the motor drive unit 120 is lowering the weightingelement 116 from the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) to thefully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED). For example, if the cellularshade fabric 112 weighs approximately 0.26 Newtons, the weightingelement 116 weighs approximately 0.43 Newtons, and the cellular shadefabric 112 has a total height of approximately 1.35 meters, the torqueon the drive shafts 132 may range from a minimum torque τ_(MIN) ofapproximately −1.68 N-mm to a maximum torque τ_(MAX) of approximately1.80 N-mm.

With reference to FIG. 8A, when the weighting element 116 is in thefully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED), the least weight is on the liftcords 130 that wrap around the drive shafts 132 and lift the cellularshade fabric 112 of the window treatment 110. The motor 150 of the motordrive unit 120 may comprise, for example, a permanent magnet motor thathas a cogging torque due to the magnets that provides a resistance tomovement. Further, the motor drive unit 120 may also include a gear boxthat provides substantial reduction of the motor speed. The combinationof the motor cogging torque and the gear reduction provides enoughresistance on the drive shafts 132 to keep the cellular shade fabric 112in any fixed position in front of the window 104 even when the totaltorque on the drive shafts is negative. This includes the fully-openposition P_(FULLY-OPEN) (when the weight is greatest and consequentlyhighest torque is exerted by the lift cords 130) and the fully-closedposition P_(FULLY-CLOSED) (when the weight is least and the torqueexerted by the lift cords is the lowest). Alternatively, a mechanicallyor electrically actuated brake could be used. However, appropriateconsiderations should be given to the power consumption when using abrake.

When the weighting element 116 is in the fully-open positionP_(FULLY-OPEN), the spring assist assemblies 135 provide a constanttorque to raise the cellular shade fabric 112, opposed by the increasingtorque provided by the weight of the cellular shade fabric as theweighting element 116 pushes against the cellular shade fabric thatpiles up on the weighting element 116. At a point approximately at theposition at the middle of the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) and thefully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED), the torque provided by thespring assist assembly 138 balances the torque provided by the liftcords 130 which is shown at the 50% position in FIG. 8A. During thisperiod, the motor 150 is pulsed with a constant duty cycle and conductsonly a small amount of current to ensure movement. Above the 50%position, the motor 150 conducts a greater amount of current andprovides torque on the drive shafts 132 to raise the weighting element116 to the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN). The motor cogging torqueand gear reduction maintains the cellular shade fabric 112 of the windowtreatment 110 in the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) against theweight of the fully-opened window treatment. The cellular shade fabric112 of the window treatment 100 can of course be stopped at any positionbetween the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) and fully-closed positionP_(FULLY-CLOSED).

FIG. 8B shows the total torque on the drive shafts 132 when themotorized window treatment 110 in the process of being closed. Sincemaximum weight is on the lift cords 130 when the weighting element 116is in the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN), the cellular shade fabric112 and the weighting element will begin to fall of their own weightswhen the motor 150 is provided with an initial small pulse. The motor150 is pulsed with a constant duty cycle during this period. At themidway position between the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) andfully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED), the torque provided by the liftcords due to the weight of the cellular shade fabric 112 and theweighting element 116 counter balances the opposing force of the springassist assemblies 135. At the midway position, the weight is no longeradequate to oppose the spring assist assemblies 135 and the motor 150drives the weighting element 116 of the window treatment 110 to thefully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED) against the torque provided bythe spring assist assemblies 135 to wind up the lift cords 130. Thesprings of the spring assist assemblies 135 are thus wound up to assistin later raising of the cellular shade fabric 112 of the windowtreatment 110.

In FIGS. 8A and 8B, the shaded regions represent the regions whereenergy is provided by the motor 150 to the system. The spring assistassemblies 135 thus provides for optimizing battery life by reducing thetime that the motor 150 needs to be energized to raise and/or lower thecellular shade fabric 112 of the window treatment 110.

Alternatively, each spring assist assembly 135 could include anegative-gradient spring (not shown) coupled between the respective liftcord spool enclosure 136 and the respective drive shaft 132. Eachnegative-gradient spring provides a varying torque on the respectivedrive shaft 132 depending upon the position of the cellular shade fabric112, for example, to provide more torque when the cellular shade fabric112 is close to or at the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) than whenthe cellular shade fabric is close to or at the fully-closed positionP_(FULLY-CLOSED). Similar to torque plots for the constant-force springas shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B, the torque provided by thenegative-gradient springs balances the torque provided by the lift cords130 at a point approximately at the position at the middle of thefully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) and the fully-closed positionP_(FULLY-CLOSED) (i.e., 50%). However, the shaded regions where energyis provided by the motor 150 to the system are smaller whennegative-gradient springs are used.

FIG. 9 is a simplified block diagram of the motor drive unit 120 of thebattery-powered motorized window treatment 110. The motor drive unit 120comprises a controller 152 for controlling the operation of the motor150, which may comprise, for example, a DC motor. The controller 152 maycomprise, for example, a microprocessor, a programmable logic device(PLD), a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), or any suitableprocessing device or control circuit. The controller 152 may be operableto operate in a sleep mode when the motor 150 is idle in order topreserve the life of the batteries 138.

The controller 152 is coupled to an H-bridge motor drive circuit 154 fordriving the motor 150 via a set of drive signals V_(DRIVE) to controlthe weighting element 116 and the cellular shade fabric 112 between thefully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) and the fully-closed positionP_(FULLY-CLOSED). As previously mentioned, the motor drive unit 120receives power from the series-coupled batteries 138, which provide abattery voltage V_(BATT). For example, the batteries 138 may compriseD-cell batteries having rated voltages of approximately 1.5 volts, suchthat the battery voltage V_(BATT) has a magnitude of approximately 6volts. The battery voltage V_(BATT) is electrically coupled to thecircuitry of the motor drive unit 120 through a positive temperaturecoefficient (PTC) thermistor 155, which produces a battery input voltageV_(B-IN) that is received by the H-bridge motor drive circuit 154 fordriving the motor 150. The PTC thermistor 155 operates to limit themagnitude of the current drawn by the circuitry of the motor drive unit120 from the batteries 138, and to protect the circuitry of the motordrive unit in the event of a voltage miswire at the battery terminals.

The controller 152 is operable to rotate the motor 150 at a constantrotational speed by controlling the H-bridge motor drive circuit 154 tosupply a pulse-width modulated (PWM) drive signal having a constantfrequency (e.g., approximately 20 kHz) and a substantially constant dutycycle (e.g., approximately 25-50%) to the motor. The controller 152 isable to change the rotational speed of the motor 150 by adjusting theduty cycle of the PWM signal applied to the motor and to change thedirection of rotation of the motor by changing the polarity of the PWMdrive signal applied to the motor. When first starting up the motor 150to move the bottom bar 116 from a stopped position, the controller 152is operable to adjust the duty cycle of the PWM signal to ramp up thecurrent drawn from the batteries 138 by the H-bridge motor drive circuit154 from zero amps until the motor 150 is rotating at the desiredconstant rotational speed over a ramp time period T_(RAMP). The ramptime period T_(RAMP) allows chemical reactions in the batteries 138 tostabilize before the motor 150 draws large amounts of current from thebatteries. The batteries 138 may conduct high-magnitude pulses ofcurrent if the motor 150 is simply turned on at the constant rotationalspeed without the ramp time T_(RAMP), i.e., before the chemicalreactions in the batteries are allowed to stabilize.

FIG. 10 is a simplified schematic diagram of the H-bridge motor drivecircuit 154. The H-bridge motor drive circuit 154 may comprise fourtransistors, such as, for example, four field effect transistors (FETs)Q₁, Q₂, Q₃, Q₄. Each FET Q₁-Q₄ may be driven by the controller 152 viafour respective drives signals V_(DRIVE) _(—) ₁, V_(DRIVE) _(—) ₂,V_(DRIVE) _(—) ₃, V_(DRIVE) _(—) ₄. The FETs Q₁-Q₄ are coupled suchthat, when two of the FETs are conductive (e.g., FETs Q₃, Q₄), apositive DC voltage is applied to the motor 150 to cause the DC motor torotate in a clockwise direction. When the other two FETs of the H-bridgecircuit 154 are conductive (e.g., FETs Q₁, Q₂), a negative DC voltage isapplied to the motor 150 to cause the motor to rotate in the reverse(i.e., counter-clockwise) direction. To control the speed of the motor150, the controller 152 drives at least one of FETs of the H-bridgecircuit 154 with a PWM control signal. When the motor 150 is idle (i.e.,at rest), the controller 152 drives only the FET Q₁ to be conductive andcontrols FETs Q₂, Q₃ and Q₄ to be non-conductive.

Referring back to FIG. 9, the controller 152 receives informationregarding the rotational position and direction of rotation of the motor150 from a rotational position sensor, such as, for example, atransmissive optical sensor circuit 156. The rotational position sensormay also comprise other suitable position sensors or sensorarrangements, such as, for example, Hall-effect, optical, or resistivesensors. The controller 152 is operable to determine a rotationalposition of the motor 150 in response to the transmissive optical sensorcircuit 156, and to use the rotational position of the motor todetermine a present position P_(PRES) of the weighting element 116. Thecontroller 152 may comprise an internal non-volatile memory (oralternatively, an external memory coupled to the controller) for storageof the present position P_(PRES) of the shade fabric 112, the fully openposition P_(FULLY-OPEN), the fully closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED), andthe number and type of the batteries 138.

FIG. 11 is a timing diagram of a first output signal 176 and a secondoutput signal 178 of the transmissive optical sensor circuit 156. Theoutput signals 176, 178 are provided to the controller 152 as a train ofpulses. The frequency, and thus the period T, of the pulses of theoutput signals 176, 178 is a function of the rotational speed of themotor output shaft 172. The relative spacing S between the pulses of thefirst and second output signals 176, 178 is a function of rotationaldirection. When the motor 150 is rotating in a clockwise direction ofthe output shaft 172, the second output signal 178 lags behind the firstoutput signal 176 by the relative spacing S. When the motor 150 isrotating in the opposite direction, the second output signal 178 leadsthe first output signal 176 by the relative spacing S.

The controller 152 stores the present position P_(PRES) of the weightingelement 116 in the memory as a number of optical sensors edges betweenthe present position P_(PRES) of the weighting element and thefully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN). An optical sensor edge is, forexample, the low-to-high transition 179 of the first output signal 176as shown in FIG. 11. The operation of the H-bridge motor drive circuit154 and the use of sensor devices to track the direction and speed ofthe motor drive unit 120 is described in greater detail incommonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,848,634, issued Dec. 15, 1998,entitled MOTORIZED WINDOW SHADE SYSTEM, and commonly-assigned U.S. Pat.No. 6,497,267, issued Dec. 24, 2002, entitled MOTORIZED WINDOW SHADEWITH ULTRAQUIET MOTOR DRIVE AND ESD PROTECTION, the entire disclosuresof which are herein incorporated by reference.

Referring back to FIG. 10, the H-bridge motor drive circuit 154 isoperable to provide a manual movement wake-up signal V_(MAN) _(—)_(WAKE) to the controller 152. In the event that the cellular shadefabric 112 is moved manually, the motor 150 can be back-driven andprovide the manual movement wake-up signal V_(MAN) _(—) _(WAKE) to thecontroller 152. The manual movement wake-up signal V_(MAN) _(—) _(WAKE)indicates that the cellular shade fabric 112 is being moved manually(i.e., pulled by a user), and the signal can cause the controller 152 towake up (i.e., become fully energized) in the event that the controlleris sleeping (i.e., operating in a low power mode). Thus, the controller152 can continue to monitor the output of the transmissive opticalsensor circuit 156. As shown in FIG. 10, one terminal of the motor 150is coupled to the base of an NPN bipolar junction transistor Q₅ via aresistor R₁. The collector of the transistor Q₅ is coupled to the supplyvoltage V_(CC) via a resistor R₂. The manual movement wake-up signalV_(MAN) _(—) _(WAKE) is generated at the junction of the collector ofthe transistor Q₅ and the resistor R₂, which is coupled to thecontroller 152. When the motor 150 is rotated in response to a manualaction, a back electromagnetic force (EMF) is generated across the motor150 and the transistor Q₅ becomes conductive, thus driving the manualmovement wake-up signal V_(MAN) _(—) _(WAKE) low. The controller 152 maybe operable to wake-up automatically in response to detecting such ahigh-to-low transition on one of its input ports.

Once the controller 152 wakes up in response to the manual movementwake-up signal V_(MAN) _(—) _(WAKE), the controller 152 monitors theoutput of the transmissive optical sensor circuit 156 to track theposition of the motor 150 by executing a transmissive optical sensoredge procedure 200, which will be discussed in greater detail below withreference to FIG. 12. In addition, the controller 152 may furtherwake-up periodically (e.g., once each second) to execute thetransmissive optical sensor edge procedure 400 to determine whether thecellular shade fabric 112 is moving or has moved as a result of a manualadjustment. Further, the back EMF generated across the motor 150 whenthe cellular shade fabric 112 is manually moved may be used to charge anenergy storage device (such as a bus supply capacitor orultra-capacitor) or a separate power supply for powering the controller152, such that the controller is operable to keep track of the positionof the cellular shade fabric when the batteries 138 are depleted. Inaddition, the back EMF generated across the motor 150 when the cellularshade fabric 112 is manually moved can also be used to charge a bussupply capacitor or ultra-capacitor that stores a charge for maintainingdata stored in the memory of the controller 152.

FIG. 12 is a simplified flowchart of the transmissive optical sensoredge procedure 200 executed periodically by the controller 152, e.g.,every 10 msec, to determine the rotational position and direction of themotor. In addition, the transmissive optical sensor edge procedure 200may be executed by the controller 152 in response to receiving themanual movement wake-up signal V_(MAN) _(—) _(WAKE). If the controller152 has not received a transmissive optical sensor edge at step 210, thetransmissive optical sensor edge procedure 200 simply exits. However, ifthe controller 152 has received a transmissive optical sensor edge fromthe transmissive optical sensor circuit 156 at step 210, the controllerdetermines the direction of rotation of the motor 150 by comparing theconsecutive edges of the first and second output signals 176, 178 atstep 212. If the motor 150 is rotating in the clockwise direction atstep 214, the controller 152 increments the present position P_(PRES)(i.e., in terms of transmissive optical sensor edges) by one at step216. If the motor 150 is rotating in the counter-clockwise direction atstep 214, the controller 152 decrements the present position P_(PRES) byone at step 218. After the present position P_(PRES) is incremented ordecremented at steps 216 and 218, respectively, the transmissive opticalsensor edge procedure 200 exits.

A user of the window treatment system 100 is able to adjust the positionof the weighting element 116 and the cellular shade fabric 112 by usingthe remote control 118 to transmit commands to the motor drive unit 120via the IR signals. Referring back to FIG. 9, the IR receiver 166receives the IR signals and provides an IR data control signalV_(IR-DATA) to the controller 152, such that the controller is operableto receive the commands from the remote control 118. The controller 152is operable to put the IR receiver 166 to sleep (i.e., disable the IRreceiver) and to periodically wake the IR receiver up (i.e., enable theIR receiver) via an IR enable control signal V_(IR-EN), as will bedescribed in greater detail below. An example of an IR control system isdescribed in greater detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,545,434, issued Apr. 8,2003, entitled MULTI-SCENE PRESET LIGHTING CONTROLLER, the entiredisclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

If the limits (i.e., the fully open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) and thefully closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED)) stored in the memory areincorrect, the controller 152 may attempt to drive the motor 150 to movethe bottom bar 116 beyond a position that is mechanically allowable. Ifthe movement of the bottom bar 116 is stopped by mechanical constraintsbefore the controller 150 stops driving the motor 150, the motor 150will drawn a large slug of current from the batteries 138 before thecontroller 150 notices that the bottom bar 116 has stopped moving andstops driving the motor 150. The PTC thermistor 155 limits the magnitudeof the current drawn from the batteries 138 if the fully open positionP_(FULLY-OPEN) and the fully closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED) stored inthe memory are incorrect. For example, the energy used to raise thebottom bar 116 from the fully closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED) to thefully open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) may be approximately 78 Joules whenthe limits are set correctly resulting in a lifetime of the batteries ofapproximately 3 years (assuming that the cellular shade fabric 112 ismoved twice a day). When the limits are set incorrectly and the PTCthermistor 155 limits the magnitude of the current drawn from thebatteries 138, the energy used to raise the bottom bar 116 from thefully closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED) to the fully open positionP_(FULLY-OPEN) may be approximately 83 Joules resulting in a lifetime ofthe batteries of approximately 2.9 years. However, if the PTC thermistor155 is not included in the motor drive unit 120 and the limits are setincorrectly, the energy used to raise the bottom bar 116 from the fullyclosed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED) to the fully open positionP_(FULLY-OPEN) may be approximately 103 Joules resulting in a lifetimeof the batteries 138 of approximately 2.5 years.

The motor drive unit 120 further comprises a power supply 157 (e.g., alinear regulator or a low quiescent current switching mode supply) thatreceives the battery input voltage V_(B-IN) and generates a DC supplyvoltage V_(CC) for powering the controller 152 and other low-voltagecircuitry of the motor drive unit. The controller 152 is coupled to thepower supply 157 and generates a voltage adjustment control signalV_(ADJ) for adjusting the magnitude of the DC supply voltage V_(CC)between a first nominal magnitude (e.g., approximately 2.7 volts) and asecond increased magnitude (e.g., approximately 3.3 volts). The powersupply 157 may comprise, for example, an adjustable linear regulator (ora switching mode supply) having one or more feedback resistors that areswitched in and out of the circuit by the controller 152 to adjust themagnitude of the DC supply voltage V_(CC). The controller 152 may adjustthe magnitude of the DC supply voltage V_(CC) to the second increasedmagnitude while the controller is driving the FETs Q₁-Q₄ of the motordrive circuit 154 to rotate the motor 150 (since the controller mayrequire an increased supply voltage to drive the gates of the FETs). Thecontroller 152 adjusts the magnitude of the DC supply voltage V_(CC) tothe first nominal magnitude when the controller is not controlling themotor drive circuit 154 to rotate the motor 150 (e.g., when thecontroller is in the sleep mode). The magnitude of the idle currentsdrawn by the controller 152, the IR receiver 166, and other low-voltagecircuitry of the motor drive unit 120 may be significantly smaller whenthese circuits are powered by the first nominal magnitude of the DCsupply voltage V_(CC).

The motor drive unit 120 further comprises a battery monitoring circuit158 that receives the battery input voltage V_(B-IN) and provides abattery-monitor control signal V_(MON) representative of the magnitudeof the battery voltage V_(BATT) to the controller 152. The batterymonitoring circuit 158 may comprise for example a resistive voltagedivider circuit (not shown) coupled in series between the battery inputvoltage V_(B-IN) and circuit common, such that the battery-monitorcontrol signal V_(MON) is simply a scaled version of the battery voltageV_(BATT). The controller 152 may include an analog-to-digital converter(ADC) for receiving and measuring the magnitude of the battery-monitorcontrol signal V_(MON) to thus determine the magnitude of the batteryvoltage V_(BATT). The battery monitoring circuit 158 may furthercomprise a controllable switch, e.g., a NPN bipolar junction transistor(not shown), coupled in series with the resistive divider. Thecontroller 152 may be operable to render the controllable switchconductive, such that the battery-monitor control signal V_(MON) isrepresentative of the magnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT), and torender the controllable switch non-conductive, such that the resistivedivider does not conduct current and energy is conserved in thebatteries 138.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the controller 152 isoperable to determine that the magnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT)is getting low in response to the battery-monitor control signal V_(MON)received from the battery monitoring circuit 158. Specifically, thecontroller 152 is operable to operate in a low-battery mode when themagnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) drops below a firstpredetermined battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH1) (e.g., approximately1.0 volts per D-cell battery). The controller 152 may be operable torecall the number of batteries 138 from memory for determining the valueof the first predetermined battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH1). Thecontroller 152 may control the motor drive circuit 154 so that the motor150 is operated at a reduced speed (e.g., at half speed) to reduce theinstantaneous power requirements on the batteries 138 when thecontroller 152 is operating in the low-battery mode. This would serve asan indication to a consumer that the battery voltage V_(BATT) is low andthe batteries 138 need to be changed.

When the magnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) drops below a secondpredetermined battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH2) (less than the firstpredetermined battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH1), e.g., approximately0.9 V per battery) while operating in the low-battery mode, thecontroller 152 may shut down electrical loads in the motor drive unit120 (e.g., by disabling the IR receiver 166 and other low-voltagecircuitry of the motor drive unit) and prevent movements of the cellularshade fabric 112 except to allow for at least one additional movement ofthe cellular shade fabric to the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN).Having the cellular shade fabric 112 at the fully-open positionP_(FULLY-OPEN) allows for easy replacement of the batteries. The secondpredetermined battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH2) may be sized toprovide enough reserve energy in the batteries 138 to allow for the atleast one additional movement of the cellular shade fabric 112 and theweighting element 116 to the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN).

When the magnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) drops below a thirdpredetermined battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH3) (less than the secondpredetermined battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH2), e.g., approximately0.8 V per battery), the controller 152 may be operable to shut itselfdown (e.g., to hibernate) such that the circuitry of the motor driveunit 120 draws a minimal amount of current from the batteries 138 inorder to protect against any potential leakage of the batteries.

Referring back to FIG. 9, the motor drive unit 120 comprises analternate (or supplemental) power source, such as a backup battery 159(e.g., a long-lasting battery), which generates a backup supply voltageV_(BACKUP) (e.g., approximately 3.0 volts) for powering the controller152. The DC supply voltage V_(CC) generated by the power supply 157 iscoupled to the controller 152 via a first diode D₁, and the backupsupply voltage V_(BACKUP) is coupled to the controller via a seconddiode D₂. The alternate power source provides the controller 152 withpower when the batteries 138 are removed for replacement, or otherwisedepleted, such that the position data relating to the position of thewindow treatment that is stored in the memory of the controller 152 ismaintained. Alternatively, a large bus capacitor or an ultra-capacitorcan be coupled to the controller 152 (rather than the backup battery159), so that even when the batteries 138 are removed for replacement,an adequate charge will remain in the bus capacitor or ultra capacitorto maintain adequate voltage to keep the controller 152 charged for theperiod of time necessary to replace batteries 138 and thereby preventloss of stored data in the memory of the controller. In addition, theback EMF generated across the motor 150 when the cellular shade fabric112 is manually moved can also be used to charge the large bus capacitoror ultra-capacitor for maintaining data stored in the memory of thecontroller 152.

These embodiments allow the motor drive unit 120 to keep track of theposition of the weighting element 116 of the window treatment 110 evenwhen the batteries 138 are removed and the window treatment is manuallyoperated (i.e., pulled). In such embodiments, the controller 152continues to receive signals from transmissive optical sensor circuit156, even when the batteries 138 are removed. Because it remainspowered, the controller 152 will continue to calculate the position ofthe window treatment 110 when manually adjusted. It should be pointedout that the window treatment 110 of the present invention allows a userat any time to manually adjust the position of the window treatment, andthat the position of the window treatment is always calculated both whenthe window treatment is moved by the motor or manually.

Another feature of the invention is that the controller 152 ispreferably arranged to prevent the motor drive circuit 154 fromoperating to lower the cellular shade fabric 112 until an upper limitfor the fabric is reset after a loss of power, e.g., if the batteries138 are depleted. Thus, the motor drive unit 120 will not lower from thecurrent raised position in the event of power loss. The user will berequired to raise the cellular shade fabric 112 to the fully-openposition before being able to lower the shade fabric.

As shown in FIG. 9, the motor drive unit 120 comprises an internaltemperature sensor 160 that is located adjacent the internal side 122 ofthe headrail 114 (i.e., a room-side temperature sensor), and a externaltemperature sensor 162 that is located adjacent the external side 124 ofthe headrail (i.e., a window-side temperature sensor). The room-sidetemperature sensor 160 is operable to measure an interior temperatureT_(INT) inside the room in which the motorized window treatment 110 isinstalled, while the external temperature sensor 162 is operable tomeasure an exterior temperature T_(EXT) between the headrail 114 and thewindow 104. The motor drive unit 120 further comprises a photosensor164, which is located adjacent the external side 124 of the headrail114, and is directed to measure the amount of sunlight that may beshining on the window 104. Alternatively, the exterior (window-side)temperature sensor 162 may be implemented as a sensor label (external tothe headrail 114 of the battery powered motorized window treatment 110)that is operable to be affixed to an inside surface of a window. Thesensor label may be coupled to the motor drive unit 120 through lowvoltage wiring (not shown).

The controller 152 receives inputs from the internal temperature sensor160, the external temperature sensor 162, and the photosensor 164. Thecontroller 152 may operate in an eco-mode to control the position of theweighting element 116 and the cellular shade fabric 112 in response tothe internal temperature sensor 160, the external temperature sensor162, and the photosensor 164, so as to provide energy savings. Whenoperating in the eco-mode, the controller 152 adjusts the amount of thewindow 104 covered by the cellular shade fabric 112 to attempt to saveenergy, for example, by reducing the amount of electrical energyconsumed by other control systems in the building in which the motorizedwindow treatment 110 is installed. For example, the controller 152 mayadjust the present position P_(PRES) of the weighting element 116 tocontrol the amount of daylight entering the room in which the motorizedwindow treatment 110 is installed, such that lighting loads in the roommay be turned off or dimmed to thus save energy. In addition, thecontroller 152 may adjust the present position P_(PRES) of the weightingelement 116 to control the heat flow through the window 104 in order tolighten the load on a heating and/or cooling system, e.g., a heating,air-conditioning, and ventilation (HVAC) system, in the building inwhich the motorized window treatment 110 is installed.

The controller 152 is coupled to the actuator 126 for receiving userinputs in response to actuations of the actuator 126. The controller 152is further coupled to a light-emitting diode (LED) 168 for illuminationthe actuator 126 to thus provide feedback, for example, duringconfiguration of the motorized window treatment 110 or if the batteryvoltage V_(BATT) is low.

The IR remote control 118 is operable to transmit a predetermined numberof packets (i.e., digital messages), for example, approximately sixpackets, to the motor drive unit 120 via the IR signals in response toan actuation of an actuator of the remote control. Each of the digitalmessages transmitted by the remote control 118 is encoded usingManchester encoding. FIG. 13A shows an example of a Manchester-encodeddigital message 250 transmitted by the remote control 118. WithManchester encoding, the bits of the digital message 250, i.e., either alogic low (or zero) bit or a logic high (or one) bit, are encoded in thetransitions (i.e., the edges) of the message. Specifically, the remotecontrol 118 generates a “low-to-high” transition to transmit a logichigh bit, and generates a “high-to-low” transition to transmit a logiclow bit. The Manchester-encoded digital message 250 is split up into aplurality of bit time periods T_(BIT-IR) (e.g., approximately 900 μsec)during which a “high-to-low” transition or a “low-to-high” transitionwill occur to thus transmit a logic low bit or a logic high bitrespectively.

As previously mentioned, the controller 152 generates the IR enablecontrol signal V_(IR-EN) for enabling and disabling the IR receiver 166.When the IR remote control 118 is not presently transmitting IR signalsto the IR receiver 166, the controller 152 operates the IR receiver in asleep mode to conserve battery power. In the sleep mode, the IR receiver166 is disabled for most of the time and is periodically enabled forshort periods of time to determine if the IR remote control 118 hasbegun transmitting IR signals. FIG. 13A shows an example of the IRenable control signal V_(IR-EN) generated by the controller 152 duringthe sleep mode. The controller 152 periodically enables the IR receiver166 for a sample time period T_(SMPL-IR) (e.g., approximately 3.2 msec)to determine if the IR remote control 118 is presently transmitting IRsignals. After enabling the IR receiver 116 waits for a warm-up timeperiod T_(W-UP) (e.g. approximately 2.5 msec) for the IR receiver toreach its maximum sensitivity before attempting to detect a signalindicating the presence of IR signals. If the controller 152 does notdetect a signal from the IR receiver 166 indicating the presence of IRsignals during the sample time period T_(SMPL-IR), the controller onceagain disables the IR receiver. However, if the controller 152 detects asignal from the IR receiver 166 indicating that the remote control 118is presently transmitting IR signals, the controller keeps the IRreceiver 166 enabled such that the controller is able to receive theManchester-encoded digital message 250.

Since the IR remote control 118 transmits the digital messages usingManchester encoding, there is guaranteed to be at least one“low-to-high” or “high-to-low” transition during each bit time periodT_(BIT-IR) of the Manchester-encoded digital message 250 when the IRremote control 118 is transmitting IR signals to the IR receiver 166.Therefore, the sample time period T_(SMPL-IR) of the IR enable controlsignal V_(IR-EN) during the sleep mode can be sized to be as small asthe bit time period T_(BIT-IR) of the Manchester-encoded digital message250 (i.e., approximately 900 μsec). FIG. 13B shows examples of theManchester-encoded digital message 250 and the IR enable control signalV_(IR-EN) on a different time scale. The controller 152 wakes the IRreceiver 166 up at a wakeup period T_(WAKE-IR) (e.g., approximately145.7 msec) such that there is a sleep time period T_(SLP-IR) (e.g.,approximately 140 msec) between each sample time period T_(SAMPLE).Accordingly, the controller 152 is operable to enable the IR receiver166 using a duty cycle of approximately 3.9% during the sleep mode.

FIG. 14 is a simplified flowchart of an IR signal receiving procedure300 executed periodically by the controller 152 (e.g., approximatelyevery 145.7 msec). The controller 152 first wakes up the IR receiver 166at step 310 by driving the IR enable control signal V_(IR-EN) high(i.e., to approximately the supply voltage V_(CC)), then waits for thewarm-up time period T_(W-UP) (i.e., approximately 2.5 msec) for the IRreceiver to reach its maximum sensitivity at step 312, and then samplesthe IR energy at step 314. If the controller 152 does not detect anindication that an IR signal is present at step 316 before the end ofthe sample time T_(SMPL-IR) at step 318, the controller 152 simply putsthe IR receiver 166 back to sleep at step 320 by controlling the IRenable control signal V_(IR-EN) low (i.e., to approximately circuitcommon), and the IR signal receiving procedure 300 exits. However, ifthe controller 152 detects an indication that the remote control 118 ispresently transmitting IR signals at step 316, the controller 152 thenwaits for beginning of the start of a digital message transmitted by theremote control at step 322. If the controller 152 receives the start ofa message at step 322 before a timeout expires at step 324, thecontroller 152 stores the received message in a receive (RX) buffer atstep 326. If the controller 152 does not receive the start of a messageat step 322 before the timeout expires at step 324, the controller putsthe IR receiver 166 to sleep at step 320, before the IR signal receivingprocedure 300 exits.

FIG. 15 is a simplified flowchart of a command procedure 400 executedperiodically by the controller 152. If there is not a command in the RXbuffer at step 410, the command procedure 400 simply exits. However, ifthere is an open command in the RX buffer at step 412, the controller152 sets the target position P_(TARGET) equal to the fully-open positionP_(FULLY-OPEN) at step 414, before the command procedure 400 exits. Ifthe received command is a close command at step 416, the controller 152sets the target position P_(TARGET) equal to the fully-closed positionP_(FULLY-CLOSED) at step 418 and the command procedure 400 exits. If thereceived command is a raise command at step 420 or a lower command atstep 424, the controller 152 respectively increases the target positionP_(TARGET) by a predetermined increment AP at step 422 or decreases thetarget position P_(TARGET) by the predetermined increment AP at step426, before the command procedure 400 exits.

FIG. 16 is a simplified flowchart of a motor control procedure 500executed periodically by the controller 152 (e.g., every two msec). Ifthe motor 150 is not presently rotating at step 510 and the presentposition P_(PRES) is equal to the target position P_(TARGET) at step512, the motor control procedure 500 simply exits without controllingthe motor. However, if the motor 150 is not presently rotating at step510 and the present position P_(PRES) is not equal to the targetposition P_(TARGET) at step 512, the controller 152 controls the voltageadjustment control signal V_(ADJ) to adjust the magnitude of the DCsupply voltage V_(CC) to the increased magnitude (i.e., approximately3.3 volts) at step 514. The controller 152 then begins to control theH-bridge drive circuit 154 to drive the motor 150 appropriately at step515, so as to move the weighting element 116 towards the target positionP_(TARGET).

If the motor 150 is presently rotating at step 510, but the presentposition P_(PRES) is not yet equal to the target position P_(TARGET) atstep 516, the controller 512 continues to drive the motor 150appropriately at step 518 and the motor control procedure 500 exits. Ifthe motor 150 is presently rotating at step 510 and the present positionP_(PRES) is now equal to the target position P_(TARGET) at step 516, thecontroller 152 stops driving the motor at step 520 and controls thevoltage adjustment control signal V_(ADJ) to adjust the magnitude of theDC supply voltage V_(CC) to the nominal magnitude (i.e., approximately2.7 volts) at step 522. The controller 152 then waits for a timeoutperiod (e.g., approximately 200 msec) at step 524, and puts the IRreceiver 166 back to sleep at step 525.

As previously mentioned, the controller 152 operates in a low-batterymode when the magnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) is getting low.Specifically, if the magnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) hasdropped below the first battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH1) at step 526,the controller 152 begins at step 528 to operate in the low-battery modeduring which the controller 152 will operate the motor at a reducedspeed (i.e., at half speed). If the magnitude of the battery voltageV_(BATT) is less than or equal to the second battery-voltage thresholdV_(B-TH2) at step 530, the controller 152 allows for one last movementof the cellular shade fabric 112 and the weighting element 116 to thefully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) by setting a FINAL_MOVE flag inmemory at step 532. At step 534, the controller 152 shuts down allunnecessary loads of the motor drive unit 120 (e.g., the externaltemperature sensor 162, the photosensor 164, the internal temperaturesensor 160, and the IR receiver 166) and prevents the motor 150 frommoving the cellular shade fabric 112 and the weighting element 116except for one last movement to the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN).If the magnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) is less than or equalto the third battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH3) at step 536, thecontroller 152 shuts itself down at step 538 such that no other circuitsin the motor drive unit 120 consume any power to thus protect againstany potential leakage of the batteries 138. Otherwise, the motor controlprocedure 500 exits.

According to an alternate embodiment of the present invention, thecontroller 152 is operable to monitor the magnitude of the batteryvoltage V_(BATT) while the controller is driving the H-bridge drivecircuit 154 to rotate the motor 150. Since the batteries 138 are eachcharacterized by an equivalent series resistance (ESR), the magnitude ofthe battery voltage V_(BATT) will be the lowest magnitude when the motor150 is rotating and drawing a maximum amount of current (i.e., a peakcurrent) from the batteries. According to the alternate embodiment, thecontroller 152 only compares the magnitude of the battery voltageV_(BATT) to a single battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH) (e.g.,approximately 0.8 volt per battery). When the magnitude of the batteryvoltage V_(BATT) drops below the battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH) forthe first time while the controller 152 is driving the motor 150 (i.e.,when the controller is operating in a normal mode of operation), thecontroller then begins operating in a first low-battery mode duringwhich the controller rotates the motor at a reduced speed (e.g., at halfspeed). Accordingly, the motor 150 will draw less current from thebatteries 138 in the first low-battery mode and the magnitude of thebattery voltage V_(BATT) will recover, i.e., increase back up above thebattery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH).

When the magnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) drops below thebattery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH) again, i.e., while the controller 152is driving the motor 150 in the first low-battery mode, the controllerbegins operating in a second low-battery mode during which thecontroller 152 stops driving the motor 150 and simply blinks the LED 168(and thus the actuator 126) to provide feedback to the user that thebattery voltage V_(BATT) is low. Once again, the battery voltageV_(BATT) will recover and rise above the battery-voltage thresholdV_(B-TH). When the magnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) drops belowthe battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH) while in the second low-batterymode, the controller 152 enters a third low battery mode in which thecontroller hibernates (e.g., shuts down), such that the circuitry of themotor drive unit 120 draws a minimal amount of current from thebatteries 138 and the batteries are protected against potential leakage.

Because the controller 152 is monitoring the magnitude of the batteryvoltage V_(BATT) while the H-Bridge drive circuit 154 is driving themotor 150 with the PWM signal at the constant frequency (i.e.,approximately 20 kHz), a low-pass filter circuit is coupled between theoutput of the battery monitoring circuit 158 and the controller 152according to the alternate embodiment to thus smooth out the 20-kHzripple on the battery voltage V_(BATT). In addition, the controller 152may be operable to sample the filtered battery-monitor control signalV_(MON) at a sampling period (e.g., approximately 3 μsec) to collect apredetermined number of samples (e.g., approximately 16 samples) andthen average the predetermined number of samples to generate a batteryvoltage sample that may be compared to the battery-voltage thresholdV_(B-TH).

FIG. 17 is a simplified flowchart of a motor control procedure 550executed periodically by the controller 152 (e.g., every two msec)according to the alternate embodiment of the present invention. If themotor 150 is not presently rotating at step 560 and the present positionP_(PRES) is not equal to the target position P_(TARGET) at step 562, thecontroller 152 controls the voltage adjustment control signal V_(ADJ) toadjust the magnitude of the DC supply voltage V_(CC) to the increasedmagnitude at step 564. The controller 152 then drives the motor 150appropriately at step 566 to move the weighting element 116 towards thetarget position P_(TARGET) and the motor control procedure 500 exits.

If the motor 150 is presently rotating at step 560, but the presentposition P_(PRES) is not yet equal to the target position P_(TARGET) atstep 568, the controller 512 continues to drive the motor 150appropriately at step 570. The controller 152 then compares themagnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) (i.e., the generated batteryvoltage sample) to the battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH) at step 572.If the magnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) is less than or equalto the battery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH) at step 572 and the controller152 is operating in the normal mode at step 574, the controller beginsoperating in the first low-battery mode at step 576 during which thecontroller operates the motor 150 at a reduced speed (i.e., at halfspeed). If the controller 152 is not operating in the normal mode atstep 574, but is operating in the first low-battery mode at step 578,the controller begins operating in the second low-battery mode at step580 during which the controller stops driving the motor 150. Thecontroller 152 then begins to blink the LED 168 and the actuator 126 toprovide feedback that the battery voltage V_(BATT) is low at step 582,and the motor control procedure 500 exits.

When the present position P_(PRES) becomes equal to the target positionP_(TARGET) at step 568, the controller 152 stops driving the motor atstep 584 and controls the voltage adjustment control signal V_(ADJ) toadjust the magnitude of the DC supply voltage V_(CC) to the nominalmagnitude at step 586. The controller 152 then waits for a timeoutperiod (e.g., approximately 200 msec) at step 588, and puts the IRreceiver 166 to sleep at step 590. If the motor 150 is not presentlyrotating at step 560 and the present position P_(PRES) is equal to thetarget position P_(TARGET) at step 562, the controller 152 monitors themagnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) when the controller isoperating in the second low-battery mode at step 592. If the magnitudeof the battery voltage V_(BATT) is less than or equal to thebattery-voltage threshold V_(B-TH) at step 594 when the controller isoperating in the second low-battery mode at step 592, the controller 152begins to operate in the third low-battery mode at step 596 and shutsdown (i.e., hibernates) at step 598, such that the circuitry of themotor drive unit 120 draws a minimal amount of current from thebatteries 138 and the batteries are protected against potential leakage.While the controller 152 checks the to see if the magnitude of thebattery voltage V_(BATT) is less than or equal to the battery-voltagethreshold V_(B-TH) every time that the motor control procedure 550 isexecuted (e.g., every two msec) when the controller is operating in thesecond low-battery mode, the controller 152 could alternatively monitorthe magnitude of the battery voltage V_(BATT) in the second low-batterymode as part of a separate procedure that may be executed less often,for example, every hour.

FIG. 18A is a simplified flowchart of an eco-mode procedure 600 executedperiodically by the controller 152 when the controller is operating inthe eco-mode. For example, the controller 152 may be operable to enterthe eco-mode in response to command received from the IR remote control118. When executing the eco-mode procedure 600, the controller 152 firstdetermines if the present time of day is daytime or nighttime at step610 using the photosensor 164, which faces the window 104 in front ofwhich the motorized window treatment 110 is installed. For example, ifthe light intensity measured by the photosensor 164 is less than anighttime intensity threshold, the controller 152 may determine that thepresent time of day is nighttime. The nighttime intensity threshold maybe predetermined and stored in the memory of the controller 152.Alternatively, the controller 152 may be operable to modify thenighttime intensity threshold by measuring the minimum light intensitiesmeasured by the photosensor 164 over a period of time, and updating thenighttime intensity threshold based upon these measurements. If thecontroller 152 determines that the present time of day is night at step610, the controller sets the target position P_(TARGET) equal to thefully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED) at step 612 and the eco-modeprocedure 600 exits.

If the controller 152 determines that the present time is daytime atstep 610, the controller 512 then determines the present time of year atstep 614, for example, by determining if the present time of year issummer or winter. The controller 152 may be operable to determine thelength of daylight (e.g., the time each day that the light intensitymeasured by the photosensor 164 exceeds the nighttime intensitythreshold) and to compare the determined length of daylight to datarepresenting typical day lengths, e.g., data from the American Societyof Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).

The controller 152 is further able to determine at step 616 if heat isflowing through the window 104 into the room or out of the room bycomparing the exterior temperature T_(EXT) measured by the externaltemperature sensor 162 to the interior temperature T_(INT) measured bythe room-side temperature sensor 160. For example, if the exteriortemperature T_(EXT) is greater than the interior temperature T_(INT),the controller 152 may determine that heat is flowing into the roomthrough the window 104. If the exterior temperature T_(EXT) is less thanthe interior temperature T_(INT), the controller 152 may determine thatheat is flowing out of the window 104.

If the present time of year is summer at step 614 and heat is flowinginto the room through the window 104 at step 616, the controller 152sets the target position P_(TARGET) equal to the fully-closed positionP_(FULLY-CLOSED) at step 612 to close the motorized window treatment 110and prevent the sunlight from heating the room. If the present time ofyear is summer at step 614 and heat is flowing out of the window 104 atstep 616, the controller 152 sets the target position P_(TARGET) equalto the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) at step 618 to open themotorized window treatment 110 to take advantage of the daylight, suchthat the lighting loads in the room may be turned off or dimmed. If thepresent time of year is winter at step 614 and heat is flowing into theroom through the window 104 at step 620, the controller 152 opens themotorized window treatment 110 at step 618 to allow the sunlight to heatthe room. If the present time of year is winter at step 614 and heat isflowing out of the window 104 at step 620, the controller 152 closes themotorized window treatment 110 at step 622 to insulate the room andprevent heat from flowing out the room.

FIG. 18B is a simplified flowchart of an eco-mode procedure 600′according to an alternate embodiment executed periodically by thecontroller 152 when the controller is operating in the eco-mode. Many ofthe steps of the eco-mode procedure 600′ are similar to those ofeco-mode procedure 600. However, if the controller 152 determines thatthe present time is daytime at step 610, then the controller determinesif the present time of year is summer at step 614′. If the controller152 determines that the present time of year is summer, then thecontroller simply sets the target position P_(TARGET) equal to thefully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED) at step 612 to close themotorized window treatment 110 and prevent the sunlight from heating theroom, before the eco-mode procedure 600′ exits. Otherwise, thecontroller 152 executes steps 618-622 as described above with respect toeco-mode procedure 600, before the eco-mode procedure 600′ exits.

Alternatively, the motor drive unit 120 may not comprise the internaltemperature sensor 160, but could simply assume that the internaltemperature T_(INT) inside the room is a predetermined room temperature(e.g., approximately 22° C.).

The IR receiver 166 could alternatively comprise a radio-frequency (RF)receiver or transceiver for receiving RF signals transmitted by an RFremote control. FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a motorized windowtreatment system 700 having a battery-powered motorized window treatment710 and an RF remote control 718 for transmitting RF signals 706 to themotorized window treatment using, for example, a frequency-shift keying(FSK) modulation technique, to thus for control the operation of themotorized window treatment. Specifically, the RF remote control 718 isoperable to transmit digital messages including commands to control themotorized window treatment 710 in response to actuations of a pluralityof buttons, e.g., an open button 790, a close button 792, a raise button794, a lower button 796, and a preset button 798. The motorized windowtreatment 710 controls the cellular shade fabric 112 to the fully-openposition P_(FULLY-OPEN) and the fully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED)in response to actuations of the open button 790 and the close button792 of the remote control 718, respectively. The motorized windowtreatment 710 raises and lowers the cellular shade fabric 112 inresponse to actuations of the raise button 794 and the lower button 796,respectively. The motorized window treatment 710 controls the cellularshade fabric 112 to a preset position P_(PRESET) in response toactuations of the preset button 798.

FIG. 20 is a simplified block diagram of a motor drive unit 720 of thebattery-powered motorized window treatment 710 of the second embodiment.The motor drive unit 720 of the second embodiment is substantiallysimilar to the motor drive unit 120 of the first embodiment. However,the motor drive unit 720 comprises an RF receiver 766 coupled to anantenna 768 (e.g., a wire antenna) for receiving the RF signals 706. Theantenna 768 is coupled to the RF receiver 766 via a surface acousticwave (SAW) filter 769 (e.g., part number B3580 as manufactured by EpcosAG), which acts to filter RF noise as will be described in greaterdetail below. The RF receiver 766 is operable to provide an RF datacontrol signal V_(RF-DATA) representative of the received RF signals 706to a controller 752, such that the controller is operable to control theH-bridge motor drive circuit 154 in response to the received signals.

FIGS. 21A and 21B are partial perspective views of the motor drive unit720 and the headrail 114 of the motorized window treatment 710 of thesecond embodiment. The antenna 768 is adapted to extend from the motordrive unit 720 and is received in an elongated antenna wire carrier 770.As shown in FIG. 21A, the antenna wire carrier 770 may be located in afirst position immediately adjacent the motor drive unit 720 above theexternal side 124 of the headrail 114. The antenna wire carrier 770 maybe removed from the first position and re-located into a second positionin which the antenna 768 is slightly offset (e.g., by a distance ofapproximately 0.4 inch) from the motor drive unit 720 as shown in FIG.21B. The antenna wire carrier 770 comprises clips 772 that are adaptedto snap onto the top edge of the external side 124 of the headrail 114in the second position. The antenna wire carrier 770 provides amechanical means for adjusting the RF sensitivity of the RF receiver 766and thus the power consumed by the RF receiver 766. When the antennawire carrier 770 is located in the second position (as shown in FIG.21B), the RF receiver 766 has an increased RF sensitivity (e.g., byapproximately 3 dB), and is thus operable to receive more RF signals 706than if the antenna wire carrier was located in the first position (asshown in FIG. 21A). However, the increased RF sensitivity means that theRF receiver 766 will consume more power. Therefore, the antenna wirecarrier 770 may be moved to the first position in which the RF receiver766 has a reduced RF sensitivity, but consumes less power.

Referring back to FIG. 20, the motor drive unit 720 comprises fourbatteries with two batteries 738A coupled in series to generate a firstbattery voltage V_(BATT1) and two other batteries 738B coupled in seriesto generate a second battery voltage V_(BATT2). The first batteryvoltage V_(BATT1) is provided to the motor drive circuit 154 for drivingthe motor 150, while the second battery voltage V_(BATT2) is provided tothe power supply 157. If the power supply 157 comprises a linearregulator, the power supply of the motor drive unit 720 of the secondembodiment will dissipate less power and will be more efficient than inthe motor drive unit 120 of the first embodiment since the magnitude ofthe second battery voltage V_(BATT2) is less than the battery voltageV_(BATT) generated by the series combination of the four batteries 138of the first embodiment. The motor drive unit 720 could also compriseone or more battery monitoring circuits (not shown), such as the batterymonitoring circuit 158 of the first embodiment, for monitoring the firstand second battery voltages V_(BATT1), V_(BATT2). The motor drive unit720 could also at least one PTC thermistor coupled in series with, forexample, the batteries 738A for the H-Bridge motor drive circuit 154. Inaddition, the motor drive unit 720 could also comprise an alternatepower source (such as the backup battery 150 of the first embodiment)for powering the controller 752 when the batteries 738B are removed.Alternatively, the four batteries 738A, 738B of the motor drive unit 720could all be coupled in series to generate a single battery voltageV_(BATT) as in the first embodiment.

According to the second embodiment of the present invention, themotorized window treatment 710 and the RF remote control 718 may beeasily programmed, such that the motorized window treatment 710 isresponsive to actuations of the buttons 790-798 of the remote control718. First, the user may associate the remote control 718 with themotorized window treatment 710 by actuating the actuator 126 on themotor drive unit 720 and then pressing and holding, for example, theclose button 792 on the remote control for a predetermined amount oftime (e.g., approximately five seconds). After the remote control 718 isassociated with the motorized window treatment 710, the motorized windowtreatment is responsive to the RF signals 706 transmitted by the remotecontrol. The user may program the preset position P_(PRESET) of themotorized window treatment 710 by actuating the raise and lower buttons794, 796 of the remote control 718 to adjust the position of theweighting element 116 to the desired preset position, and then pressingand holding the preset button 798 for the predetermined amount of time.

The user may also use the remote control 718 to program the upper andlower limits (i.e., the fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN) and thefully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED)) of the motorized windowtreatments 710. To enter a limit programming mode, the user actuates theactuator 126 on the motor drive unit 720, and then simultaneouslypresses and holds the open button 790 and the raise button 794 of theremote control 718 for the predetermined amount of time (i.e.,approximately five seconds). To program the lower limit, the useractuates the raise and lower buttons 794, 796 of the remote control 718to adjust the position of the weighting element 116 to the desiredfully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED), and then presses the closebutton 792 for the predetermined amount of time. To program the upperlimit, the user actuates the raise and lower buttons 794, 796 of theremote control to adjust the position of the weighting element 116 tothe desired fully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN), and then presses theopen button 794 for the predetermined amount of time. The user can thenpress and hold the open button 790 and the raise button 794 of theremote control 718 for the predetermined amount of time to exit thelimit programming mode.

The RF receiver 766 and the controller 752 are both able to operate in asleep mode (i.e., low-power mode) to conserve battery power. During thesleep mode, the RF receiver 766 is operable to wake-up periodically tosample (e.g., listen for) any RF signals 706 as will be described ingreater detail below. In the event that the RF receiver 766 does detectthe presence of any RF signals 706, the RF receiver is operable to wakeup the controller 752 via an RF wake up signal V_(RF) _(—) _(WAKE), suchthat the controller can begin processing the received RF signal. Inparticular, the RF receiver 766 wakes up the controller 752 in responseto detecting any RF energy within a particular frequency band. Each timethat the controller 752 wakes up in response to the RF wake up signalV_(RF) _(—) _(WAKE), additional power is consumed by the controller(since the controller is fully powered when awake). This additionalpower consumption reduces the life of the batteries 738B, and as aresult, it is optimal that the RF receiver 766 only wake the controller752 when necessary.

FIG. 22A shows an example of a simplified frequency response of the SAWfilter 769. Frequency 780 illustrates an example frequency of the RFsignals 706. A frequency response 782 illustrates the response of onlythe antenna 768 and the RF receiver 766 (i.e., the response without theSAW filter 769). As shown in FIG. 22A, the frequency response 782 spansa wide range of frequencies (e.g., up to an 80 MHz band). As a result,the RF receiver 766 may be responsive to an interference event 784. Inparticular, the RF receiver 766 (without the presence of the SAW filter769) will detect the presence of the interference event 784, and as aresult, will cause the controller 752 to wake up via the RF wake upsignal V_(RF) _(—) _(WAKE). As the controller 752 begins to process theinterference event 784, the controller will appropriately disregard thisinterference event as it will recognize that it is not an RF signal 706.However as mentioned above, the controller 752 consumes additional powerto process the interference event 784, and this negatively impacts thelife of the batteries 738B. FIG. 22A also illustrates a SAW frequencyresponse 786 which spans a much narrower band of frequencies thanfrequency response 782. In particular, the SAW frequency response 786does not encompass the interference event 784. As a result, the SAWfilter 769 filters interference events (e.g., such as interference event784), and this allows the controller 752 to not wake up unnecessarily,thus further conserving the life of the batteries 738B.

FIG. 22B is a simplified timing diagram of a data transmission eventtransmitted by the RF remote control 718 to the motorized windowtreatment 710 and a sampling event of the RF receiver 766 of the motordrive unit 720. The remote control 718 transmits packets of data (e.g.,the control information) via the RF signals 706 with each packet havinga packet time period T_(PACKET) (e.g, approximately 5 msec). Each packetof data is typically transmitted multiple times (e.g., up to twelvetimes) during a given data transmission event. Between each packet ofdata, there is a packet break time period T_(PKT) _(—) _(BRK) (e.g.,approximately 70 ms), such that the remote control transmits digitalmessages at a transmission rate of approximately 13.3 packets persecond. The RF receiver 766 of the motor drive unit 720 is operable towake up and listen for any RF signals 706 during an RF sampling timeperiod T_(SMPL-RF). If no RF signals 706 are detected during the RFsample time period T_(SMPL-RF), then the RF receiver 766 goes to sleepfor an RF sleep time period T_(SLP-RF), such that the RF receiversamples the RF data at a sampling period T_(SAMPLE). Alternatively, thebreak time period T_(PKT) _(—) _(BRK) could not be a fixed value, butcould be a varying or random time between each of the transmittedpackets.

The RF sample time period T_(SMPL-RF) and the RF sleep time periodT_(SLP-RF) of the RF receiver 766 are sized appropriately to ensure thatthe RF sample time period T_(SMPL-RF) coincides with at least one packetof a predetermined number of consecutive packets of a data transmissionevent. As a result, the RF sleep time period T_(SLP-RF) of the RFreceiver 766 can be much longer than the packet time period T_(PACKET).In addition, the RF sample time period T_(SMPL-RF) can be significantlyshorter than the packet time period T_(PACKET). Accordingly, the RFreceiver 766 is operable to sleep for longer periods of time than priorart RF receivers, thus extending the lifetime of the batteries 738B ofthe motor drive unit 720. For example, the RF sample time periodT_(SMPL-RF) and the RF sleep time period T_(SLP-RF) may be sized to beapproximately 0.1 msec and 17.8 msec, respectively, to ensure that theRF sample time period T_(SMPL-RF) coincides with at least one packet offive consecutive packets of a data transmission event.

Four packets 800, 802, 804, and 806 of a data transmission event areshown in FIG. 22B. At time t₀, the remote control 718 begins to transmitthe first packet 800 via the RF signals 706. The first packet 800 is notreceived by the RF receiver 766 because the packet is transmitted duringthe RF sleep time period T_(SLP-RF) (i.e., while the RF receiver issleeping). In other words, the transmission of packet 800 does notcoincide with an RF sampling event 810 of the RF receiver. Similarly,the second packet 802 transmitted at time t₁ is not received by the RFreceiver 766 because the packet is transmitted during the RF sleep timeT_(SLP-RF) and does not coincide with one of the RF sampling events 810of the RF receiver 766.

At time t₂, the third packet 804 is transmitted and is detected by theRF receiver 766, such that the RF receiver wakes up the controller 752.Since the controller 752 wakes up in the middle of the transmission ofthe third packet 804 (i.e., has missed the beginning of the transmissionof the third packet), the controller is unable to properly process thedata contained within the third packet. However, the controller 752 isoperable to process the third packet 804 sufficiently to determine thata fourth packet 806 will be transmitted after the packet break timet_(PKT) _(—) _(BRK). Accordingly, the controller 752 and the RF receiver766 are operable to enter the sleep mode for a snooze time periodT_(SNOOZE), which may be approximately equal to or slightly less thanthe packet break time period T_(PKT) _(—) _(BRK). As shown in FIG. 22B,the snooze time period T_(SNOOZE) expires just before time t₃, when thefourth packet 806 is transmitted. In other words, the duration of thesnooze time period T_(SNOOZE) is short enough to ensure that the RFreceiver 766 is awake in time to receive the complete transmission ofthe fourth packet 806.

When the snooze time period T_(SNOOZE) expires, the RF receiver 766 andthe controller 752 wake up, and the RF transceiver begins to listen toRF signals 706 for at least the RF sample time period T_(SMPL-RF).Because the RF receiver 766 and the controller 752 are awake at time t₃when the remote control 718 begins to transmit the fourth packet 806,the receiver is able to receive the entire packet. The receiver 766remains on for an RF on time period T_(ON-RF) and is operable to receivethe entire packet 806 during an RF receiving event 812, such that thecontroller 752 is able to properly process the packet 806 of data. Thus,because the RF receiver 766 and the controller 752 go back to sleepduring the snooze time period T_(SNOOZE) and do not stay awake and fullypowered while waiting for the next packet to be transmitted), the lifeof the batteries 738B is further conserved.

FIG. 23 is a simplified flowchart of an RF signal receiving procedure900 executed by the controller 752 after being awakened in response tothe RF wake up signal V_(RF) _(—) _(WAKE) at step 910. The controller752 uses a SNOOZE flag to keep track of when the RF receiver 766 hasbeen put to sleep for the snooze time period T_(SNOOZE). If the SNOOZEflag is not set at step 912 (i.e., the RF receiver 766 has not been putto sleep for the snooze time period T_(SNOOZE)) and the controller 752does not detect an indication that an RF signal is present at step 914,the controller 752 simply goes back to sleep at step 916 and the RFsignal receiving procedure 900 exits. However, if the controller 752detects an RF signal at step 914, the controller sets the SNOOZE flag atstep 918, and puts the RF receiver to sleep for the snooze time periodT_(SNOOZE) at step 920. The controller 752 then goes back to sleep atstep 916, before the RF signal receiving procedure 900 exits.

If the SNOOZE flag is set at step 912 (i.e., the RF receiver 766 hasbeen put to sleep for the snooze time period T_(SNOOZE)), the controller752 first clears the SNOOZE flag at step 922 and then gets ready toreceive a digital message. If the RF receiver 766 is not receiving thestart of a digital message at step 924, the controller 752 puts the RFreceiver to sleep for the RF sleep time period T_(SLP-RF) at step 926and goes back to sleep at step 916, before the RF signal receivingprocedure 900 exits. However, if the RF receiver 766 is receiving thestart of a digital message at step 924, the controller 752 stores thereceived message in a receive (RX) buffer at step 928 and puts the RFreceiver to sleep for the RF sleep time period T_(SLP-RF) at step 930.The RF signal receiving procedure 900 exits without the controller 752being put back to sleep. The controller 752 will go back to sleep afterprocessing the received digital message.

FIG. 24 is a simplified diagram of a radio frequency (RF) load controlsystem 1000 having multiple battery-powered motorized window treatments1010 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. Thebattery-powered motorized window treatments 1010 of the third embodimenteach have a very similar structure as the battery-powered motorizedwindow treatment 710 of the second embodiment (as shown in FIG. 20).However, each of the motorized window treatments 1010 of the thirdembodiment comprises a motor drive unit 1020 having an RF transceiver(not shown) rather than the RF receiver 766, such that the motorizedwindow treatments are operable to both transmit and receive RF signals1002. The control devices of the load control system 1000 are operableto transmit packets using a packet time period T_(PACKET) (e.g.,approximately 5 msec) and a packet break time period T_(PKT) _(—) _(BRK)(e.g., approximately 70 msec) as in the second embodiment.

As in the second embodiment, each motorized window treatment 1010 isoperable to enable the RF transceiver at a sampling period T_(SAMPLE)(e.g., approximately 17.8 msec) to detect if an RF signal 1002 ispresently being transmitted. Each motorized window treatment 1010 isoperable put the RF transceiver to sleep for an RF sleep time periodT_(SLP-RF) that is much longer than the packet time period T_(PACKET)(e.g., approximately 17.3 msec) and to enable an RF transceiver for theRF sample time period T_(SMPL-RF) that is much shorter than the packettime period T_(PACKET) (e.g., approximately 5 msec) so as to conservebattery power. The motorized window treatments 1010 execute an RF signalreceiving procedure similar to the RF signal receiving procedure 900 ofthe second embodiment as shown in FIG. 23. However, the motorized windowtreatments 1010 of the third embodiment do not put the RF transceiver tosleep for the snooze time period T_(SNOOZE) after detecting an RF signalduring the RF sample time period T_(SMPL-RF). Rather, the motorizedwindow treatments 1010 of the third embodiment simply remain on afterdetecting an RF signal during the RF sample time period T_(SMPL-RF).

As shown in FIG. 24, the load control system 1000 also comprises alighting control device, e.g., a wall-mountable dimmer switch 1030,which is coupled to an alternating-current (AC) power source 1004 via aline voltage wiring 1005. The dimmer switch 1030 is operable to adjustthe amount of power delivered to a lighting load 1032 to control thelighting intensity of the lighting load. The dimmer switch 1030 isoperable to transmit and receive digital messages via the RF signals1002 and is operable to adjust the lighting intensity of the lightingload 1032 in response to the digital messages received via the RFsignals. The dimmer switch 1030 enables its RF transceiver at a samplingperiod T_(SAMPLE) (e.g., approximately 17.8 msec) using, for example, aduty cycle of approximately 50%, such that the dimmer switch 1030enables the RF transceiver for an RF sample time period T_(SMPL-RF)(e.g., approximately 8.9 msec), and puts the RF transceiver to sleep foran RF sleep time period T_(SMPL-RF) (e.g., approximately 8.9 msec).Accordingly, the RF sleep time period T_(SLP-RF) used by the dimmerswitch 1030 is longer than the packet time period T_(PACKET) so as toreduce the total power consumed by the dimmer switch 1030.

The load control system 1000 further comprises a wall-mounted buttonkeypad 1040 and a battery-powered tabletop button keypad 1042. Thewall-mounted button keypad 1040 is powered from the AC power source 1004via the line voltage wiring 1005, and the tabletop button keypad 1042 isa battery-powered device. Both of the keypads 1040, 1042 transmitdigital messages to the dimmer switch 1030 via the RF signals 1002 inorder to provide for remote control of the lighting load 1032. Inaddition, each of the keypads 1040, 1042 is operable to receive digitalstatus messages via the RF signals 1002 from the dimmer switch 1030 inorder to display the status (i.e., on/off state and/or intensity level)of the lighting load 1032. The load control system 1000 furthercomprises a battery-powered remote control 1044 which is operable totransmit digital messages to the dimmer switch 1030 via the RF signals1002 in order to provide for remote control of the lighting load 1032.The wall-mounted button keypad 1040, the tabletop button keypad 1042,and the remote control 1044 are also operable to adjust the presentposition P_(PRES) of the battery-powered motorized window treatments1010 by transmitting digital messages via the RF signals 1002. Inaddition, the battery-powered motorized window treatments 1010 may beoperable to transmit status information to the wall-mounted keypad 1040and tabletop button keypad 1042.

The load control system 1000 further comprises a battery-poweredwireless occupancy sensor 1046 for detecting an occupancy condition(i.e., the presence of an occupant) or a vacancy condition (i.e., theabsence of an occupant) in the space in which the occupancy sensor ismounted. The occupancy sensor 1046 is operable to wirelessly transmitdigital messages via the RF signals 1002 to the dimmer switch 1030 inresponse to detecting the occupancy condition or the vacancy conditionin the space. For example, in response to detecting an occupancycondition in the space, the occupancy sensor 1046 may transmit a digitalmessage to the dimmer switch 1030 to cause the dimmer switch to turn onthe lighting load 1032, and in response to detecting a vacancy conditionin the space, transmit a digital message to the dimmer switch to causethe dimmer switch to turn off the lighting load. Alternatively, theoccupancy sensor 1046 could be implemented as a vacancy sensor, suchthat the dimmer switch 1030 would only operate to turn off the lightingload 1032 in response to receiving the vacant commands from the vacancysensor. Examples of RF load control systems having occupancy and vacancysensors are described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat.No. 7,940,167, issued May 10, 2011, entitled BATTERY-POWERED OCCUPANCYSENSOR; U.S. Pat. No. 8,009,042, issued Aug. 30, 2011, entitledRADIO-FREQUENCY LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEM WITH OCCUPANCY SENSING; and U.S.patent application Ser. No. 12/371,027, filed Feb. 13, 2009, entitledMETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONFIGURING A WIRELESS SENSOR; the entiredisclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

The load control system 1000 further comprises a battery-powereddaylight sensor 1048 for measuring an ambient light intensity in thespace in which the daylight sensor in mounted. The daylight sensor 1048wirelessly transmits digital messages via the RF signals 1002 to thedimmer switch 1030. For example, the daylight sensor 1048 may transmit adigital message to the dimmer switch 1030 to cause the dimmer switchesto increase the intensities of the lighting load 1032 if the ambientlight intensity detected by the daylight sensor 1048 is less than asetpoint light intensity, and to decrease the intensities of thelighting load if the ambient light intensity is greater than thesetpoint light intensity. The packet break time period T_(PKT) _(—)_(BRK) of the packets transmitted by the daylight sensor 648 may bevariable, for example, as a function of the measured light intensity.The battery-powered motorized window treatments 1010 may be operable toreceive digital messages from the occupancy sensor 1046 and the daylightsensor 1048 via the RF signals 1002 and to adjust the present positionof the window treatments. Examples of RF load control systems havingdaylight sensors are described in greater detail in commonly-assignedU.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/727,956, filed Mar. 19, 2010,entitled WIRELESS BATTERY-POWERED DAYLIGHT SENSOR, and U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/727,923, filed Mar. 19, 2010, entitled METHOD OFCALIBRATING A DAYLIGHT SENSOR, the entire disclosures of which arehereby incorporated by reference.

The load control system 1000 further comprises a battery-poweredtemperature control device 1050 (e.g., a thermostat) that is operable tocontrol a heating and/or cooling system, e.g., a heating, ventilation,and air conditioning (HVAC) system 1052. The temperature control device1050 may be coupled to the HVAC system 1052 via an HVAC communicationlink 1054, e.g., a digital communication link (such as an RS-485 link,an Ethernet link, or a BACnet® link), or alternatively via a wirelesscommunication link (such as an RF communication link). The temperaturecontrol device 1050 may comprise an internal temperature sensor fordetermining a present temperature in the space in which the temperaturecontrol device is located. The temperature control device 1050 transmitsappropriate digital messages to the HVAC system 1052 to control thepresent temperature in the building towards a setpoint temperature.Alternatively, the HVAC communication link 1054 could comprise a moretraditional analog control link for simply turning the HVAC system 1052on and off. The temperature control device 1050 comprises a userinterface, e.g., a touch screen 1056, for displaying the presenttemperature and the setpoint temperature, and for receiving user inputsfor adjusting the setpoint temperature. The temperature control device1050 is operable to receive RF signals 1002 from a wireless temperaturesensor 1056 for determining the present temperature in the space, forexample, at a location away from the temperature control device 1050. Inaddition, the motor drive units 1020 of each of the motorized windowtreatments 1010 may be operable to transmit the temperature measurementsfrom the internal and/or external temperature sensors 160, 162 to thetemperature control device 1050.

Each of the battery-powered devices of the load control system 1000(i.e., the tabletop button keypad 1042, the remote control 1044, theoccupancy sensor 1046, the daylight sensor 1048, and the temperaturecontrol device 1050) is operable to enable their respective RFtransceivers at a sampling period T_(SAMPLE) (e.g., approximately 17.8msec) to detect if an RF signal 1002 is presently being transmitted asdescribed above for the motorized window treatments 1010. Each of thesebattery-powered devices is operable put its RF transceiver to sleep foran RF sleep time period T_(SLP-RF) that is much longer than the packettime period T_(PACKET) (e.g., approximately 5 msec) and to enable the RFtransceiver for the RF sample time period T_(SMPL-RF) that is muchshorter than the packet time period T_(PACKET) (e.g., approximately 17.3msec) so as to conserve battery power.

The load control system 1000 further comprises signal repeaters 1060A,1060B, which are operable to retransmit any received digital messages toensure that all of the control devices of the load control systemreceive all of the RF signals 1002. The load control system 1000 maycomprise, for example, one to five signal repeaters depending upon thephysical size of the system. Each of the control devices, (e.g., themotorized window treatments 1010, the dimmer switch 1030, the tabletopbutton keypad 1042, the wall-mounted button keypad 1040, the occupancysensor 1046, the daylight sensor 1048, and the temperature controldevice 1050) of the load control system 1000 are located within thecommunication range of at least one of the signal repeaters 1060A,1060B. The signal repeaters 1060A, 1060B are powered by the AC powersource 1004 via power supplies 1062 plugged into electrical outlets1064.

According to the third embodiment of the present invention, one of thesignal repeaters (e.g., signal repeater 1060A) operates as a “main”repeater (i.e., a main controller) to facilitate the operation of theload control system 1000. The main repeater 1060A has a database, whichdefines the operation of the load control system, stored in memory. Forexample, the main repeater 1060A is operable to determine which of thelighting load 1032 is energized and to use the database to control anyvisual indicators of the dimmer switch 1030 and the keypads 1042, 1040accordingly to provide the appropriate feedback to the user of the loadcontrol system 1000. In addition, the control devices of the loadcontrol system may be operable to transmit status information to thesignal repeaters 1060A, 1060B. For example, the motor drive unit 1020 ofeach of the motorized window treatments 1010 may be operable to transmita digital message representative of the magnitude of the respectivebattery voltage to the signal repeaters 1060A, 1060B, a digital messageincluding a low-battery indication to the signal repeaters whenoperating in the low-battery mode, or a digital message including arepresentation of the present position P_(PRES) of the motorized windowtreatment.

As mentioned above, the load control system 1000 may comprise one tofive signal repeaters depending upon the physical size of the system.The control devices of the load control system 1000 are each operable toadjust the RF sampling period T_(SAMPLE) in response to the total numberN_(RPTR) of signal repeaters within the load control system 1000.Specifically, each control device is operable to adjust the RF sleeptime period T_(SLP-RF), while keeping the RF sampling time periodT_(SMPL-RF) constant. The control devices adjust the respective samplingperiods because packets of data may be transmitted differently via theRF signals 1002 depending on the number of repeaters in the load controlsystem 1000. In particular, the packet break time period T_(PKT) _(—)_(BRK) of the data transmissions may vary in response to the number ofrepeaters to ensure that the signal repeaters in the load control system1000 have sufficient time to propagate a given packet. Because thepacket break time period T_(PKT) _(—) _(BRK) is a factor inappropriately sizing the RF sleep time period T_(RF) _(—) _(SLEEP) ofeach of the control devices to ensure that an RF sampling eventcoincides with a packet transmission as discussed above with respect toFIG. 22B, the RF sleep time period T_(RF) _(—) _(SLEEP) also variesaccordingly if the packet break time period T_(PKT) _(—) _(BRK) of atransmitted packet varies.

FIG. 25 is a simplified flowchart of an RF sampling rate selectionprocedure 1100 that may be executed by any of control devices of theload control system 1000, e.g., the motor drive unit 1020. Typically,this sampling rate procedure 1100 may be executed during a configurationof the motor drive unit 1012. In the event that there is at least onesignal repeater (e.g., signal repeater 1060A) in the load control system1000, that signal repeater will send a message to the motor drive unit1020 to inform the motor drive unit of the total number of repeatersN_(RPTR) in the load control system. At step 1110, the motor drive unit1020 determines whether it has received a packet containing the numberof repeaters N_(RPTR). In the event that the motor drive unit 1020 hasnot received such a packet, then the motor drive unit assumes that it isoperating in a load control system that contains no signal repeaters. Asa result, the motor drive unit 1020 uses a first RF sleep time periodvalue T_(SLP-RF1) (e.g., approximately 17.8 msec) as the RF sleep timeperiod T_(SLP-RF) at step 1112 before the RF sampling rate selectionprocedure 1100 exits.

If the motor drive unit 1020 has received a packet containing the numberof repeaters N_(RPTR), the motor drive unit determines whether thenumber of repeaters N_(RPTR) is greater than three at step 1114. If thenumber of repeaters N_(RPTR) is not greater than three at step 1114, themotor drive unit 1020 uses the first RF sleep time period valueT_(SLP-RF1) (i.e., approximately 17.8 msec) as the RF sleep time periodT_(SLP-RF) at step 1112 before the sampling rate selection procedure1100 exits. If the number of repeaters N_(RPTR) is greater than three atstep 1114, the motor drive unit 1020 uses a second RF sleep time periodvalue T_(SLP-RF2) (e.g., approximately 16.3 msec) as the RF sleep timeperiod T_(SLP-RF) at step 1116 before the RF sampling rate selectionprocedure 1100 exits. The RF sampling rate selection procedure 1100ensures that the motor drive unit 1020 adjusts its RF sampling rateT_(SAMPLE) in response to the number of repeaters in the load controlsystem 1000 to optimize reliability, response time, and battery life.The other battery-powered devices of the load control system 1000 (i.e.,the tabletop button keypad 1042, the remote control 1044, the occupancysensor 1046, the daylight sensor 1048, and the temperature controldevice 1050) may also execute the RF sampling rate selection procedure1100.

The RF transceivers of the control devices of the load control system1000 are characterized by a signal strength threshold which is used todetect the transmitted RF signals 1002. Particularly, the RF transceiverof each of the control devices of the load control system 1000 ischaracterized by an adjustable signal strength threshold. FIG. 26 is asimplified graph illustrating various signal strength thresholds of, forexample, the RF transceiver of one of the motor drive units 1020. Inparticular, FIG. 26 illustrates two signal strength thresholds of the RFtransceiver: a first threshold 1160 (i.e., an extended batterythreshold) and a second threshold 1170 (i.e., an extended rangethreshold) having a lower magnitude than the first threshold. The firstand second thresholds 1160, 1170 reside between a noise floor 1180 and asignal strength 1150 of the nearest signal repeater (e.g., one of thesignal repeaters 1060A, 1060B). While FIG. 26 is described withreference to the motorized window treatments 1020, the otherbattery-powered devices of the load control system 1000 (i.e., thetabletop button keypad 1042, the remote control 1044, the occupancysensor 1046, the daylight sensor 1048, and the temperature controldevice 1050) may also have RF transceivers having adjustable signalstrength thresholds.

During a configuration or set-up procedure of each of the motor driveunits 1020, a user may be operable to select the signal strength of theRF transceiver as having either the first threshold 1160 or the secondthreshold 1170. When using the second threshold 1170 to detect RFsignals 1002, the RF transceiver is operable to detect RF signals of alower signal strength which can improve the range performance of the RFtransceiver (i.e., the RF transceiver can detect RF signals sent fromcontrol devices that are located farther away). However, the secondthreshold 1170 may cause the RF transceiver to be more sensitive tonoise events as the noise floor 1080 may occasionally exceed the secondthreshold. Each time the RF transceiver receives any RF energy (RFsignals 1002, RF noise, etc.) that exceeds the second threshold 1170during the RF sampling time period T_(SMPL-RF), the RF transceiver wakesup the controller of the motor drive unit 1020, such that the controllerthen consumes additional power which ultimately reduces the life of thebatteries of the motor drive unit. When the RF transceiver uses thefirst threshold 1160 to detect RF signals 1002, the RF transceiver isless likely to detect RF signals having a lower signal strength, but isless susceptible to noise events. Because the RF transceiver onlyresponds to RF energy (RF signals 1002, RF noise, etc) that exceeds thefirst threshold 1160, the RF transceiver does not wake up the controlleras frequently as when the second threshold 1170 is used. As a result,the life of the batteries can be further extended when the RFtransceiver uses the first threshold 1160.

The first and second thresholds 1160, 1170 may be predetermined values.For example, the first threshold 1160 may have a value of approximately−90 dBm and the second threshold 1170 may have a value of approximately−97 dBm. Alternatively, the value of the adjustable threshold of the RFtransceiver could be determined automatically during the configurationprocedure of the motor drive unit 1020. For example, the RF transceivermay be operable to detect an average magnitude of the noise floor 1180and may also be able to detect a magnitude of the signal strength 1150of the nearest signal repeater 1060A, 1060B, and then provide thesemagnitudes to the controller of the motor drive unit. The controller maythen calculate an optimal value of a threshold for the RF transceiverthat will preserve battery life and provide appropriate rangeperformance. For example, the controller may halve the sum of themagnitude of the noise floor 1180 and the magnitude of the signalstrength 1150 of the nearest signal repeater to calculate the value ofthe threshold for the RF transceiver. In addition, in the event that thecalculated threshold value of the RF transceiver is too close (e.g.,within ˜5 dBm) to the noise floor 1180, the load control system 1000 maybe operable to prompt a user, e.g., through a programming interface (notshown), to add another signal repeater to the system. By adding anothersignal repeater to the system, the magnitude of the signal strength ofthe nearest signal repeater may increase, thus increasing the calculatedthreshold of the RF transceiver. As a result, the battery life of eachof the motor drive units 1020 may be further extended.

During the configuration process of the load control system 1000, themotor drive units 1020 are each assigned to a particular frequencychannel such that each motor drive can receive RF signals 1002transmitted on that frequency channel. During normal operation, themotor drive units 1020 will each detect any packet of information thatis transmitted on the respective assigned frequency channel—even if thatpacket does not contain data that is addressed to the motor drive unit.As soon as the RF transceiver of each motor drive unit 1020 begins todetect a packet transmitted on the assigned frequency channel, the RFtransceiver will wake up the controller of the motor drive unit aspreviously described. The controller will then process the packet todetermine whether it must adjust the present position P_(PRES) of themotorized window treatment 1010. In the event that the packet is notaddressed to the motor drive unit 1020 (e.g., the packet containsinformation only for a dimmer switch 1030), the controller will take nofurther action and will go back to sleep. However, because thecontroller woke up to process the packet, the controller consumed powerunnecessarily, and negatively impacted the life of the batteries of themotor drive unit 1020.

Because the load control system 1000 comprises many devices that areoperable to send and/or receive RF signals 1002, there can be a verylarge number of packets regularly transmitted within the system. Many ofthese packets may not be addressed to the motor drive units 1020, and asa result, need not be processed by the controller of each of the motordrive units. According to an aspect of the present invention, thebattery-power motorized window treatments 1010 may be configured to onlylisten to RF signals 1002 transmitted on an alternate channel distinctfrom the channels used by the other devices of the load control system1000.

FIG. 27 is a simplified flowchart of an RF monitoring procedure 1200performed by a main repeater (e.g., the signal repeater 1060A) of theload control system 1000. At step 1210, the main repeater 1060Aconfigures all of the control devices of the load control system 1000 touse a given frequency channel (e.g., frequency channel A). At step 1212,the main repeater 1060A is operable to monitor a number N of RF packetstransmitted within a given time frame during normal operation. At step1214, the main repeater 1060A compares the number N of RF packets to apredetermined maximum number N_(MAX) to determine whether the loadcontrol system 1000 has a high amount of traffic on frequency channel A.If the number N of RF packets is greater than the predetermined maximumnumber N_(MAX) at step 1214, the main repeater 1060A configures all ofthe battery-powered motorized window treatments 1010 to listen only toan alternate frequency channel (e.g., frequency channel B). Otherwise,the main repeater 1060A simply exits the RF monitoring procedure 1200without changing the channel configuration of the battery-poweredmotorized window treatments 1010. Alternatively, the main repeater 1060Acould simply configure all battery-powered motorized window treatments1010 to use the alternate frequency channel (i.e., frequency channel B)in lieu of executing the RF monitoring procedure 1200.

FIG. 28 is a simplified flowchart of an RF signal receiving procedure1300 performed by the signal repeaters (e.g., the signal repeater 1060A)of the load control system 1000 during normal operation when analternate frequency is in use. At step 1310, the signal repeater 1060Areceives a packet transmitted on frequency channel A. At step 1312, thesignal repeater 1060A determines whether the received packet isaddressed to at least one of the battery-powered motorized windowtreatments 1010. If the packet is not addressed to any of thebattery-powered motorized window treatments 1010 (e.g., the packet isaddressed to the dimmer switch 1030), then the repeater 1060A simplyretransmits the packet on channel A at step 1314 before the RF signalreceiving procedure 1300 exits. However, if the signal repeater 1060Adetermines that the received packet is addressed to at least one of thebattery-powered motorized window treatments 1010, the signal repeaterchanges its frequency channel from channel A to channel B at step 1316and transmits the received packet on frequency channel B to thebattery-powered motorized window treatments 1010 at step 1318. Finally,the signal repeater 1060A changes its frequency channel from channel Bback to channel A at step 1320 and the RF signal receiving procedure1320 exits.

FIG. 29 is a simplified diagram of a RF load control system 1400 havingtwo signal repeaters 1460A, 1460B coupled together via a digitalcommunication link 1466 according to a fourth embodiment of the presentinvention. The first signal repeater 1460A is configured to transmit andreceive packets via the RF signals 1002 using only the primary frequencychannel A, and the second signal repeater 1460B is configured totransmit and receive packets via the RF signals 1002 using only thealternate frequency channel B. The first and second signal repeaters1460A, 1460B are operable to transmit digital messages to each other viathe digital communication link 1466, which may comprise, for example, awired communication link, such as an RS-485 link or an Ethernet link,link, or alternatively may comprise a wireless communication link, suchas an RF communication link.

In the event that the first signal repeater 1460A receives an packetthat is transmitted on channel A and is addressed to at least one of thebattery-powered motorized window treatments 1010, the signal repeater1460A transmits a digital message (e.g., including the data from thepacket) to the second signal repeater 1460B via the digitalcommunication link 1466. Upon receiving the information via the digitalcommunication link 1460B, the second signal repeater 1460B transmits thepackets to the battery-powered motorized window treatments 1010 via theRF signals 1002 using the alternate frequency B. The packets transmittedto the motorized window treatments 1010 by the second signal repeater1460B include the same (or similar) data as the packets that werereceived by the first signal repeater 1460A. Thus, the battery-poweredmotorized window treatments 1010 only listen to RF signals 1002transmitted on the alternate frequency channel B distinct from thechannel used by the other devices of the load control system 1000 inorder to further preserve the battery life of the battery-powered windowtreatments.

Examples of battery-powered remote controls and RF control systems aredescribed in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 12/399,126, filed Mar. 6, 2009, entitled WIRELESSBATTERY-POWERED REMOTE CONTROL HAVING MULTIPLE MOUNTING MEANS; U.S. Pat.No. 7,573,208, issued Aug. 22, 2009, entitled METHOD OF PROGRAMMING ALIGHTING PRESET FROM A RADIO-FREQUENCY REMOTE CONTROL, and U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/033,223, filed Feb. 19, 2008, entitledCOMMUNICATION PROTOCOL FOR A RADIO-FREQUENCY LOAD CONTROL SYSTEM, theentire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

FIGS. 30 and 31 are perspective views of a motorized window treatment1510 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Themotorized window treatment 1510 of the fifth embodiment comprises aheadrail 1514 that may be pulled out in a horizontal direction away fromthe window 104 and then rotated into a service position to allow accessto the batteries 138. The motorized window treatment 1510 comprises topmounting brackets 1515 located over the top of the headrail 1514, andplates 1519 that are received in the mounting brackets. The user isoperable to pull the headrail 1514 away from the window 104, such thatthe plates 1519 slide through the mounting brackets 1515 as shown inFIG. 30. The plates 1519 are then able to pivot with respect to themounting brackets 1515, such that the top of the headrail 1514 may berotated towards the user to allow access to the batteries 138 located inthe headrail as shown in FIG. 31.

FIG. 32A is a perspective view and FIG. 32B is a right side view of amotorized window treatment 1610 having mounting brackets 1670 forrotating the motorized window treatment into a service positionaccording to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 33A is aperspective view and FIG. 33B is a right side view of the motorizedwindow treatment 1610 when the motorized window treatment 1610 is in theservice position according to the sixth embodiment of the presentinvention. During normal operation, the headrail 114 of the motorizedwindow treatment 1610 is held in a locked position (as shown in FIGS.32A and 32B).

Each mounting bracket 1670 of the motorized window treatment 1610comprises a release button 1672, which may be actuated (e.g., pushed) torelease the headrail 114 from the locked position, such that theheadrail may be rotated into the service position and the batteries 138may be accessed as shown in FIGS. 33A and 33B. The release buttons 1672are located above the headrail 114 and protrude slightly over theinternal side 122 of the headrail, such that the buttons are partiallyhidden from view when the motorized window treatment 1610 is installed.The release buttons 1672 may be labeled with appropriate text (such as“push”) to inform the user of the required action to release themotorized window treatment 1610 from the locked position. The headrail114 may be rotated into the service position independent of the positionof the cellular shade fabric 112 between the fully-open positionP_(FULLY-OPEN) and the fully-closed position P_(FULLY-CLOSED). Theheadrail 114 is flexible enough, such that the buttons 1672 of themounting brackets 1670 may be actuated one at a time in order to releasethe headrail from the locked position. Accordingly, no tools arerequired to release the motorized window treatment 1610 from the lockedposition to enter the service position. Alternatively, the releasebuttons 1672 may be implemented as pull-tabs or the motorized windowtreatment 1610 could comprise latches that require tools to beunlatched. To accommodate larger cellular shade fabrics and longerheadrails, additional mounting brackets 1670 may be provided along thelength of the headrail 114 (i.e., the mounting brackets provide ascalable solution).

FIG. 34A is an enlarged perspective view of one of the mounting brackets1670 in the locked position. FIG. 34B is an enlarged perspective view ofthe mounting bracket 1670 in the service position. The mounting bracket1670 comprises a fixed mounting portion 1674 and a pivoting portion 1675that is rotatably coupled to the mounting portion 1674 via an axle rod1676. The mounting portion 1674 is adapted to be fastened to a verticalsurface (e.g., a wall) via screws (not shown) received through mountingholes 1678 or to be fastened to a horizontal surface (e.g., a ceiling orthe top of an opening) via screws received through mounting holes 1679.The rotating portion 1675 is adapted to be connected to the headrail 114of the motorized window treatment 1610 via a lip 1680 and a clip 1682.Specifically, the internal side 122 of the headrail 114 is adapted torest on the lip 1680 (as shown in FIG. 33A) and the bottom side of theexternal side 124 of the headrail is adapted to snap into the clip 1682and fixedly attached to the rotating portion 1675. When a user actuatesthe release button 1672, the rotating portion 1675 is operable to pivotabout the axle rod 1676 thus rotating the top of the headrail 114towards the user into the service position, such that the batteries 138may be accessed.

As shown in FIG. 32B, the axle rod 1676 about which the rotating portion1675 pivots is located behind and below the headrail 114, such that whenthe motorized window treatment 1610 is released from the lockedposition, the center of gravity of the headrail causes the top of theheadrail to rotate down on its own (i.e., without the need for the userto physically rotate the top of the headrail towards the user) with orwithout the batteries 138 installed in the headrail. The axle rod 1676is positioned above the weighting element 116 (i.e., behind the cellularshade fabric 112) when the motorized window treatment 1610 is in thefully-open position P_(FULLY-OPEN), such that the mounting brackets 1670cannot be seen by the user.

Each mounting bracket 1670 further comprises a spring 1684 (FIG. 34A),which is wound around the axle rod 1676 and comprises an inside leg 1685that is positioned on the inner side of the rotating portion 1675 and anoutside leg (not shown) that is positioned on the outer side of themounting portion 1674. The spring 1684 operates to provide a controlledmovement of the motorized window treatment 1610 when the headrail 114 isreleased from the locked position and the rotating portion 1675 rotatesabout the axle rod 1676 into the service position. The inside leg 1685contacts the rotating portion 1675 and the outside leg contacts themounting portion 1674 to bias the rotating portion towards the mountingportion. The spring 1684 is sized such that the headrail 114 rotatesdown on its own, but does not rotate so far that the batteries 138 areable to fall out of the headrail. Since the user may individuallyactuate the buttons 1672 of the mounting brackets 1670 to cause theheadrail 114 move into the service position, the user only needs onefree hand available to move the motorized window treatment 1610 into theservice position and change the batteries 138 (i.e., the other hand maybe used to balance the user, for example, by holding onto a ladder).

Each mounting bracket 1670 further comprises a latch mechanism 1686(FIG. 34B) coupled to the respective button 1672. The latch mechanism1686 locks the rotating portion 1675 in the locked position, andreleases the rotating portion to allow the headrail 114 to move into theservice position in response to an actuation of the release button 1672.FIG. 35A is a top view of one of the mounting brackets 1670 in thelocked position showing the latch mechanism 1686 in greater detail. FIG.35B is a top view of the mounting bracket 1670 as the release button1672 is being actuated to release the rotating portion 1675 from thelocked position. The latch mechanism 1686 comprises a notch 1688 adaptedto contact a locking surface 1690 (FIG. 34B) of the rotating portion1675 to hold the rotating portion in the locked position. The latchmechanism 1686 further comprises an elongated spring member 1692 adaptedto push against a wall 1694 of the mounting portion 1674 to thus keepthe notch 1688 locked against the locking surface 1690. When the releasebutton 1672 is pushed in towards the mounting bracket 1670, the latchmechanism 1686 rotates about a rivet 1695, a pin 1696 travels through achannel 1698 to guide the movement of the latch mechanism, and thespring member 1692 flexes against the wall 1694. Accordingly, the notch1688 of the latch mechanism 1686 no longer contacts the locking surface1690 of the rotating portion 1675, such that the rotating portion andthe headrail 114 are able to rotate freely about the axle rod 1676.

While the present invention has been described with reference to thebattery-powered motorized window treatments having the cellular shadefabric 112, the concepts of the present invention could be applied toother types of motorized window treatments, such as, for example, rollershades, draperies, Roman shades, Venetian blinds, and tensioned rollershade systems. An example of a roller shade system is described ingreater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,983,783, issued Jan.10, 2006, entitled MOTORIZED SHADE CONTROL SYSTEM, the entire disclosureof which is hereby incorporated by reference. An example of a draperysystem is described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No.6,994,145, issued Feb. 7, 2006, entitled MOTORIZED DRAPERY PULL SYSTEM,the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Anexample of a Roman shade system is described in greater detail incommonly-assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/784,096, filedMar. 20, 2010, entitled ROMAN SHADE SYSTEM, the entire disclosure ofwhich is hereby incorporated by reference. An example of a Venetianblind system is described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S.patent application Ser. No. 13/233,828, filed Sep. 15, 2011, entitledMOTORIZED VENETIAN BLIND SYSTEM, the entire disclosure of which ishereby incorporated by reference. An example of a tensioned roller shadesystem is described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No.8,056,601, issued Nov. 15, 2011, entitled SELF-CONTAINED TENSIONEDROLLER SHADE SYSTEM, the entire disclosure of which is herebyincorporated by reference.

Additional procedures for controlling motorized window treatments aredescribed in greater detail in commonly-assigned, co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/563,786, filed Aug. 11, 2009, entitled METHOD OFAUTOMATICALLY CONTROLLING A MOTORIZED WINDOW TREATMENT WHILE MINIMIZINGOCCUPANT DISTRACTIONS, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/845,016,filed Jul. 28, 2010, entitled LOAD CONTROL SYSTEM HAVING AN ENERGYSAVINGS MODE, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated byreference.

Although the present invention has been described in relation toparticular embodiments thereof, many other variations and modificationsand other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It ispreferred, therefore, that the present invention be limited not by thespecific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A motorized window treatment comprising: aheadrail having first and second opposite ends; a covering materialhaving a top end connected to the headrail, the covering materialextending from the headrail to a bottom end; a motor drive unitincluding a motor and located in the center of the headrail; two driveshafts extending from both sides of the motor drive unit and rotatablycoupled to the motor drive unit thereby allowing rotations of the motorto result in rotations of the drive shafts; first and second lift cords,the first lift cord located proximate to the first opposite end of theheadrail and the second lift cord located proximate to the secondopposite end of the headrail, each lift cord rotatably received around arespective one of the drive shafts and extending vertically to thebottom end of the covering material; and at least a first compartmentand a second compartment configured to hold respective first and secondbatteries for powering the motor drive unit, the first and secondcompartments located on each side of the motor drive unit, the firstcompartment located between the first opposite end of the headrail andthe first lift cord, and the second compartment located between thesecond opposite end of the headrail and the second lift cord; whereinthe motor drive unit is configured to rotate the drive shaft to adjustthe bottom end of the covering material between a fully-closed positionand a fully-open position in response to rotations of the drive shaft,the motor drive unit further configured to receive radio-frequency (RF)signals and to control the motor in response to the received RF signals.2. The motorized window treatment of claim 1, wherein the motor driveunit comprises an RF receiver configured to receive RF signals.
 3. Themotorized window treatment of claim 2, further comprising abattery-powered supply that includes the first and second batteries andgenerates a battery voltage.
 4. The motorized window treatment of claim3, wherein the motor drive unit is configured to monitor the magnitudeof the battery voltage of the battery-powered supply, thebattery-powered supply configured to enter a low-battery mode when themagnitude of the battery voltage drops below a first predeterminedlow-battery threshold.
 5. The motorized window treatment of claim 4,wherein the RF receiver comprises an RF transceiver configured totransmit and receive RF signals.
 6. The motorized window treatment ofclaim 5, wherein the motor drive unit is configured to transmit adigital message representative of the magnitude of the battery voltage.7. The motorized window treatment of claim 5, wherein the motor driveunit is configured to transmit a digital message indicating that thebattery voltage is low via the RF signals when operating in thelow-battery mode.
 8. The motorized window treatment of claim 4, whereinthe RF receiver is disabled in the low-battery mode.
 9. The motorizedwindow treatment of claim 3, wherein the at least two batteries areelectrically coupled in series to generate the battery voltage to powerthe motor drive unit.
 10. The motorized window treatment of claim 9,wherein the motor drive unit comprises a positive-temperaturecoefficient thermistor coupled in series with the batteries for limitingthe current drawn from the batteries.
 11. The motorized window treatmentof claim 3, wherein the motor drive unit is configured to prevent themotor from operating to lower the covering material until an upper limitfor the covering material is reset after a loss of power.
 12. Themotorized window treatment of claim 9, wherein the at least twobatteries comprise at least four D-cell batteries.
 13. The motorizedwindow treatment of claim 9, wherein the batteries have a lifetime ofapproximately three years.
 14. The motorized window treatment of claim2, wherein the motor drive unit further comprises a room-side interiortemperature sensor configured to measure an interior temperaturerepresentative of the temperature in the room in which the windowtreatment is installed.
 15. The motorized window treatment of claim 14,wherein the motor drive unit further comprises a window-side temperaturesensor configured to measure an external temperature representative ofthe temperature outside a window in front of which the motorized windowtreatment is located.
 16. The motorized window treatment of claim 15,wherein the RF receiver comprises an RF transceiver configured totransmit and receive RF signals, the motor drive unit configured towirelessly transmit the exterior temperature via the RF signals.
 17. Themotorized window treatment of claim 15, wherein the motor drive unit isconfigured to adjust the position of the bottom end of the coveringmaterial in response to the external and internal temperatures.
 18. Themotorized window treatment of claim 14, wherein the RF receivercomprises an RF transceiver configured to transmit and receive RFsignals, the motor drive unit configured to wirelessly transmit theinterior temperature via the RF signals.
 19. The motorized windowtreatment of claim 1, wherein the motor drive unit further comprises anH-bridge drive circuit and a controller, the controller configured toprovide pulse width modulated (PWM) control signals to the H-bridgedrive circuit for driving the motor to control the rotational speed ofthe motor.
 20. The motorized window treatment of claim 19, wherein thecontroller is configured to ramp the rotational speed of the motor upfrom zero to a desired rotational speed across a ramp time when startingthe motor from a stopped condition.
 21. The motorized window treatmentof claim 19, wherein the PWM control signals increase in duty cycle asthe covering material is raised from the midway position to thefully-open position and when the covering material is lowered from themidway position to the fully-closed position.
 22. The motorized windowtreatment of claim 1, wherein the motor drive unit further comprises agear assembly operatively coupled to an output shaft of the motor andtwo output gears located on each side of the motor drive unit, each ofthe output gears coupled to one of the drive shafts, the motor driveunit further comprising a coupling member coupled between the gearassembly and the output gears allowing rotations of the output shaft ofthe motor to result in rotations of the drive shafts.
 23. The motorizedwindow treatment of claim 1, wherein the motor drive unit is configuredto receive the RF signals from an RF transmitter, the RF transmittercomprising one of a battery-powered remote control, an occupancy sensor,a vacancy sensor, a daylight sensor, a temperature sensor, a humiditysensor, a security sensor, a proximity sensor, a keypad, a key fob, acell phone, a smart phone, a tablet, a personal digital assistant, apersonal computer, a timeclock, an audio-visual control, a safetydevice, a central control transmitter, or any combination of these RFtransmitters.
 24. A motor drive unit for a motorized window treatment,the motorized window treatment including a covering material, a driveshaft, and at least one lift cord rotatably received around the driveshaft and extending to a bottom of the covering material for raising andlowering the covering material, the motorized window treatment furthercomprising a battery-powered supply having at least one batteryproducing a battery voltage to power the motor drive unit, the motordrive unit comprising: a motor; and a controller configured to controlthe motor to rotate the drive shaft to raise and lower the coveringmaterial in response to received radio-frequency (RF) signals; whereinthe controller is configured to monitor the magnitude of the batteryvoltage of the battery-powered supply when the motor is not raising orlowering the covering material, the controller configured to enter alow-battery mode when the magnitude of the battery voltage drops below afirst predetermined low-battery threshold and to move the coveringmaterial at a reduced speed in the low-battery mode.
 25. The motor driveunit of claim 24, further comprising: an RF receiver coupled to thecontroller and configured to receive RF signals.
 26. The motor driveunit of claim 25, wherein the RF receiver comprises an RF transceiverconfigured to transmit and receive RF signals.
 27. The motor drive unitof claim 26, wherein the controller is configured to transmit a digitalmessage representative of the magnitude of the battery voltage.
 28. Themotor drive unit of claim 26, wherein the controller is configured totransmit a digital message indicating that the battery voltage is lowvia the RF signals when operating in the low-battery mode.
 29. The motordrive unit of claim 25, wherein the RF transceiver is disabled in thelow-battery mode.
 30. A motorized window treatment comprising: acovering material; a motor drive unit configured to move the coveringmaterial between a fully-open position and a fully-closed position inresponse to received radio-frequency (RF) signals; a battery-poweredsupply connected to and providing a voltage for powering the motor driveunit; and wherein the motor drive unit is configured to determine whenthe magnitude of the voltage is too low for continued operation andreserve enough energy in the battery to allow for at least oneadditional movement of the covering material to the fully-open position.31. The motorized window treatment of claim 30, wherein the motor driveunit comprises a motor coupled to the covering material and configuredto adjust the position of the covering material to any position and acontroller electrically connected to and configured to control themotor.
 32. The motorized window treatment of claim 31, wherein the motordrive unit comprises an RF receiver configured to receive RF signals,the controller configured to disable the RF receiver when the magnitudeof the voltage is too low for continued operation.
 33. A motor driveunit for a motorized window treatment, the motorized window treatmentincluding a covering material, a drive shaft, and at least one lift cordrotatably received around the drive shaft and extending to a bottom ofthe covering material for raising and lowering the covering materialbetween a fully-open and fully-closed position and to any positionintermediate the fully-open and fully-closed positions, the motorizedwindow treatment further comprising a battery-powered supply having atleast one battery for generating a battery voltage for powering themotor drive unit, the motor drive unit comprising: a motor; a controllerconfigured to control the motor to rotate the drive shaft to raise andlower the covering material in response to received radio-frequency (RF)signals; and a power supply configured to generate a DC supply voltagefrom the battery voltage, the DC supply voltage having a first nominalmagnitude for powering the controller; wherein the controller isconfigured to increase the magnitude of the DC supply voltage to asecond increased magnitude greater than the first magnitude when thecontroller is driving the motor to rotate the drive shaft.
 34. The motordrive unit of claim 33, further comprising: an RF receiver coupled tothe controller and configured to receive RF signals.
 35. The motor driveunit of claim 34, wherein the RF receiver comprises an RF transceiverconfigured to transmit and receive RF signals, the controller configuredto cause the RF transceiver to transmit a digital message representativeof the battery voltage via the RF signals.
 36. The motor drive unit ofclaim 34, wherein the RF receiver is configured to receive the RFsignals from an RF transmitter, the RF transmitter comprising one of abattery-powered remote control, an occupancy sensor, a vacancy sensor, adaylight sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a securitysensor, a proximity sensor, a keypad, a key fob, a cell phone, a smartphone, a tablet, a personal digital assistant, a personal computer, atimeclock, an audio-visual control, a safety device, a central controltransmitter, or any combination of these RF transmitters.
 37. The motordrive unit of claim 33, wherein the motor is connected to and powereddirectly from the battery voltage.
 38. A motorized window treatmentcomprising: a covering material for the window, the covering materialmoveable between a fully-open and fully-closed position and to anyposition intermediate the fully-open and fully-closed positions: a driveshaft; at least one lift cord rotatably received around the drive shaftand extending to a bottom of the covering material for raising andlowering the covering material; a motor drive unit having a motorcoupled to the drive shaft to rotate the drift shaft to raise and lowerthe covering material, the motor drive unit having a sensor arrangementcoupled to the drive shaft to sense movement of the drive shaft and usedto determine the position of the bottom of the covering material, themotor drive unit having a controller electrically coupled to the sensorarrangement to determine the position of the bottom of the coveringmaterial between the fully-open and fully-closed positions from at leastone sensor signal from the sensor arrangement, the motor drive unithaving a memory coupled to the controller to store position data relatedto the determined position, the controller configured to control themotor to raise and lower the covering material in response to receivedradio-frequency (RF) signal; a battery-powered supply configured topower the motor drive unit; a supplemental power source for the controlunit, the supplemental power source configured to maintain a chargedvoltage for a period of time adequate to maintain the position data whenthe battery-powered supply is removed and changed; whereby thebattery-powered supply can be removed without loss of the position data.39. The motorized window treatment of claim 38, wherein the RF signalsare received from an RF remote control.
 40. The motorized windowtreatment of claim 39, wherein the fully-open and fully-closed positionsof the motorized window treatment may be adjusted by actuating one ormore buttons on the remote control.
 41. The motorized window treatmentof claim 40, wherein the remote control is associated with the motorizedwindow treatment by actuating an actuator on the motor drive unit andthen actuating at least one of the buttons on the remote control. 42.The motorized window treatment of claim 39, further comprising: an RFreceiver coupled to the controller and configured to receive the RFsignals.
 43. The motorized window treatment of claim 39, furthercomprising: an RF transceiver coupled to the controller and configuredto transmit and receive RF signals.
 44. The motorized window treatmentof claim 38, wherein the supplemental power source comprises a capacitorcoupled to the battery-powered supply.
 45. The motorized windowtreatment of claim 38, wherein the supplemental power source comprises afurther battery coupled to the control unit for providing power to thecontrol unit to maintain power to the control unit when thebattery-powered supply is removed.
 46. The motorized window treatment ofclaim 38, wherein the memory comprises an internal memory of thecontroller.
 47. A motorized window treatment comprising: a coveringmaterial for a window moveable between a fully-open and a fully-closedposition and any position intermediate the fully-open and fully-closedpositions: a drive shaft; at least one lift cord rotatably receivedaround the drive shaft and extending to a bottom of the coveringmaterial for raising and lowering the covering material; a motor driveunit having a motor coupled to the drive shaft to rotate the drift shaftto raise and lower the covering material, the motor drive unit having asensor arrangement coupled to the drive shaft to sense movement of thedrive shaft and used to determine the position of the bottom of thecovering material, the motor drive unit having a controller electricallycoupled to the sensor arrangement to determine the position of thebottom of the covering material between the fully-open and fully-closedpositions from at least one sensor signal from the sensor arrangement,the controller configured to control the motor to raise and lower thecovering material in response to received radio-frequency (RF) signals;wherein the covering material is engageable by a user to manuallyposition the covering material at any position between the fully-openand fully-closed positions and wherein the sensor arrangement providesthe at least one sensor signal to the controller so that the controllercan determine the position of the covering material when the coveringmaterial is manually adjusted.
 48. The motorized window treatment ofclaim 47, wherein the controller further comprises a microprocessorhaving a sleep mode, the microprocessor using reduced electrical powerduring the sleep mode to conserve battery power.
 49. The motorizedwindow treatment of claim 48, wherein the motor produces anelectromotive force when the window treatment is moved manually, themicroprocessor configured to be responsive to the electromotive force tocause the microprocessor to change from the sleep mode to an activemode, the microprocessor configured to receive and process the sensorsignal to determine the position of the covering material when thecovering material is manually adjusted.
 50. The motorized windowtreatment of claim 48, wherein the motor drive unit comprises an RFreceiver configured to receive RF signals, the controller configured tocontrol the RF receiver into a sleep mode in which the RF receiverconsumes less power.
 51. A motorized window treatment comprising: acovering material; a drive shaft; at least one lift cord rotatablyreceived around the drive shaft and arranged to extend to a bottom endof the covering material in such a way that the lift cord provides atorque on the drive shaft; a motor drive unit having a motor coupled tothe drive shaft and configured to rotate the drift shaft to raise andlower the covering material in response to received radio-frequency (RF)signals; and a spring assist assembly coupled to the drive shaft andconfigured to provide torque on the drive shaft in a direction oppositea direction of the torque provided on the drive shaft by the lift cord;wherein an amount of energy required by the motor to drive the driveshaft is reduced by the spring assist assembly.
 52. The motorized windowtreatment of claim 51, wherein the motor drive unit is configured torotate the drift shaft to raise and lower the covering material betweena fully-open position and a fully-closed position in response to thereceived RF signals; and wherein the constant amount of torque providedby the spring assist assembly is approximately equal to the torqueprovided on the drive shaft by the at least one lift cord when thebottom end of the covering material is positioned half-way between thefully-open position and the fully-closed position.
 53. The motorizedwindow treatment of claim 52, wherein an amount of energy required bythe motor to drive the drive shaft is reduced by the spring assistassembly such that net energy is provided by the motor to raise thecovering material during approximately half the distance between thefully-closed and fully-open position.
 54. The motorized window treatmentof claim 53, wherein net energy is provided by the motor when thecovering material is raised between half-way and the fully-open positionand when the covering material is lowered between half-way and thefully-closed position.
 55. The motorized window treatment of claim 51,further comprising: a plurality of batteries coupled in series andconfigured to generate a battery voltage for powering the motor driveunit.
 56. The motorized window treatment of claim 55, wherein thebatteries have a lifetime of approximately three years.
 57. Themotorized window treatment of claim 56, wherein the batteries compriseat least four D-cell batteries.
 58. The motorized window treatment ofclaim 51, wherein the motor drive unit further comprises an RF receiverconfigured to receive the RF signals.
 59. The motorized window treatmentof claim 58, wherein the controller comprises a microprocessorconfigured to receive signals from the RF receiver and to control the RFreceiver, the processor configured to control the RF receiver to placethe RF receiver in a low power mode or turn the RF receiver off toconserve battery power.
 60. The motorized window treatment of claim 51,wherein the motor drive unit further comprises an RF transceiverconfigured to transmit and receive RF signals.
 61. The motorized windowtreatment of claim 51, wherein the spring assist assembly comprises aconstant-force spring configured to provide a constant torque on thedrive shaft in a direction opposite a direction of the torque providedon the drive shaft by the lift cord.
 62. The motorized window treatmentof claim 51, wherein the spring assist assembly comprises anegative-gradient spring configured to provide a varying torque on thedrive shaft in a direction opposite a direction of the torque providedon the drive shaft by the lift cord.